Mjahed K, Sadraoui A, Benslama A, Idali B, Benaguida M
Département d'anesthésie-réanimation. CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc.
Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 1997;16(5):488-91. doi: 10.1016/s0750-7658(97)83342-4.
To assess the efficacy of an combination of Emla cream and N2O for venous cannulation in children.
Prospective, randomized, double blind trial.
The study included 75 unpremedicated children, aged 3 months to 5 years, ASA physical class I and II, undergoing an elective surgical procedure, randomized into three groups.
In group I and III, children received Emla cream one hour before entering the theatre. In group II, children received a placebo. Children of group I and III also inhaled 50 vol% nitrous oxide in oxygen and those of groupe II 100 vol% oxygen, 3 min prior and during venous cannulation. A blinded observer recorded the following items: pain assessment with CHEOPS scoring, conditions of venous puncture and behaviour of children. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were assessed at three timepoints: before, 3 min after facial mask application and following venous cannulation.
There were non significant differences between the three groups for the conditions of venous cannulation. The CHEOPS score was better in group I (7[4-11]), compared to group II (10[6-13]; P < 0.01) and to group III (9[6-12]; P < 0.01).
Emla cream combined with nitrous oxide is effective for venous cannulation in providing satisfactory analgesia and in controlling anxiety elicited by the vision of needle.
评估复方利多卡因乳膏与一氧化二氮联合用于儿童静脉置管的效果。
前瞻性、随机、双盲试验。
本研究纳入75例未用术前药的儿童，年龄3个月至5岁，美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）身体状况分级为I级和II级，接受择期外科手术，随机分为三组。
第一组和第三组儿童在进入手术室前1小时涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏。第二组儿童接受安慰剂。第一组和第三组儿童在静脉置管前3分钟及置管期间还吸入50%（体积分数）的氧化亚氮和氧气，第二组儿童吸入100%（体积分数）的氧气。一名盲法观察者记录以下项目：用儿童疼痛观察评分法（CHEOPS）进行疼痛评估、静脉穿刺情况和儿童行为。在三个时间点评估心率、血压和血氧饱和度：面罩应用前、面罩应用后3分钟和静脉置管后。
三组在静脉置管情况方面无显著差异。第一组的CHEOPS评分（7[4 - 11]）优于第二组（10[6 - 13]；P < 0.01）和第三组（9[6 - 12]；P < 0.01）。
复方利多卡因乳膏联合一氧化二氮用于静脉置管在提供满意镇痛以及控制因看到针头引起的焦虑方面是有效的。
