Occhipinti E
EPM Research Unit, Milan, Italy.
Ergonomics. 1998 Sep;41(9):1290-311. doi: 10.1080/001401398186315.
In the light of data and speculation contained in the literature, and based on procedures illustrated in a previous research project in which the author described and evaluated occupational risk factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs (WMSDs), this paper proposes a method for calculating a concise index of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs. The proposal, which still has to be substantiated and validated by further studies and applications, is conceptually based on the procedure recommended by the NIOSH for calculating the Lifting Index in manual load handling activities. The concise exposure index (OCRA index) in this case is based on the relationship between the daily number of actions actually performed by the upper limbs in repetitive tasks, and the corresponding number of recommended actions. The latter are calculated on the basis of a constant (30 actions per minute), which represents the action frequency factor; it is valid--hypothetically--under so-called optimal conditions; the constant is diminished case by case (using appropriate factors) as a function of the presence and characteristics of the other risk factors (force, posture, additional elements, recovery periods). Although still experimental, the exposure index can be used to obtain an integrated and concise assessment of the various risk factors analysed and to classify occupational scenarios featuring significant and diversified exposure to such risk factors.
根据文献中包含的数据和推测，并基于作者在先前一个研究项目中阐述和评估与上肢工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WMSDs）相关职业风险因素时所展示的程序，本文提出了一种计算上肢重复性运动简明暴露指数的方法。该提议仍需通过进一步的研究和应用来证实和验证，其概念基于美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）推荐的用于计算人工搬运活动中提举指数的程序。在这种情况下，简明暴露指数（OCRA指数）基于上肢在重复性任务中实际执行的每日动作数量与相应推荐动作数量之间的关系。后者是根据一个常数（每分钟30次动作）计算得出的，该常数代表动作频率因子；假设在所谓的最佳条件下它是有效的；根据其他风险因素（力量、姿势、附加因素、恢复期）的存在情况和特征，逐案（使用适当的因子）对该常数进行调整。尽管该暴露指数仍处于试验阶段，但它可用于获得对所分析的各种风险因素的综合简明评估，并对存在显著且多样的此类风险因素暴露的职业场景进行分类。
