Corcoran K J, Michels J L
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, USA.
Addict Behav. 1998 Sep-Oct;23(5):685-91. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00032-x.
The psychological situation, with significant origins in cognitive and personality psychology, consists of the meaningful environment encountered by an individual at a given time. In the present study, participants generated the characteristics (environmental, emotional, social, and cognitive) that they found as characteristic of "dating," "blind dating," and "drinking with friends" situations. Participants also completed a brief form of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (Brown, Goldman, Inn, & Anderson, 1980). Results indicate that women were more likely to characterize "drinking with friends" with negative descriptors; women were also likely to have more overlap than men in their schemas for "dating" and "drinking with friends." Participants with stronger alcohol expectancies also displayed more overlap in their schemas for "dating" and "drinking with friends" than did those with weaker expectancies. Results are discussed in terms of differing drinking experiences for men and women, and on the relationship between situational cues and expectancies.
心理情境在很大程度上源于认知心理学和人格心理学，它由个体在特定时间所遇到的有意义的环境组成。在本研究中，参与者列举出了他们认为“约会”“相亲”和“与朋友喝酒”情境所具有的特征（环境、情感、社会和认知方面）。参与者还完成了一份简短版的酒精预期问卷（布朗、戈德曼、因恩和安德森，1980年）。结果表明，女性更倾向于用负面描述词来描述“与朋友喝酒”的情境；女性在“约会”和“与朋友喝酒”的认知模式上比男性有更多重叠。酒精预期较强的参与者在“约会”和“与朋友喝酒”的认知模式上也比预期较弱的参与者有更多重叠。研究结果从男女不同的饮酒经历以及情境线索与预期之间的关系方面进行了讨论。
