Straus M A, Mouradian V E
Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA.
Behav Sci Law. 1998 Summer;16(3):353-74. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0798(199822)16:3<353::aid-bsl313>3.0.co;2-o.
This study tested the hypothesis that corporal punishment (CP), such as spanking or slapping a child for purposes of correcting misbehavior, is associated with antisocial behavior (ASB) and impulsiveness by the child. The data were obtained through interviews with a probability sample of 933 mothers of children age 2-14 in two small American cities. Analyses of variance found that the more CP experienced by the child, the greater the tendency for the child to engage in ASB and to act impulsively. These relationships hold even after controlling for family socioeconomic status, the age and sex of the child, nurturance by the mother, and the level of noncorporal interventions by the mother. There were also significant interaction effects of CP with impulsiveness by the mother. When CP was carried out impulsively, it was most strongly related to child impulsiveness and ASB; when CP was done when the mother was under control, the relationship to child behavior problems was reduced but still present. In view of the fact that there is a high risk of losing control when engaged in CP, even by parents who are not usually impulsive, and the fact that impulsive CP is so strongly associated with child behavior problems, the results of this study suggest that CP is an important risk factor for children developing a pattern of impulsive and antisocial behavior which, in turn, may contribute to the level of violence and other crime in society.
本研究检验了这样一种假设，即体罚（如为纠正不当行为而打孩子屁股或扇耳光）与孩子的反社会行为（ASB）及冲动性有关。数据通过对美国两个小城市中933名2至14岁孩子的母亲进行概率抽样访谈获得。方差分析发现，孩子经历的体罚越多，其出现反社会行为和冲动行事的倾向就越大。即使在控制了家庭社会经济地位、孩子的年龄和性别、母亲的养育方式以及母亲的非体罚干预程度之后，这些关系依然成立。体罚与母亲的冲动性之间也存在显著的交互作用。当冲动地实施体罚时，它与孩子的冲动性和反社会行为的关联最为强烈；当母亲处于自控状态下实施体罚时，与孩子行为问题的关联虽有所减弱但仍然存在。鉴于即使是通常不冲动的父母在实施体罚时也存在失控的高风险，且冲动性体罚与孩子行为问题紧密相关，本研究结果表明，体罚是孩子形成冲动和反社会行为模式的一个重要风险因素，而这反过来可能会影响社会中的暴力及其他犯罪水平。
