Topál J, Miklósi A, Csányi V, Dóka A
Department of Ethology, Loránd Eötvös University, Göd, Hungary.
J Comp Psychol. 1998 Sep;112(3):219-29. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.112.3.219.
Fifty-one owner-dog pairs were observed in a modified version of M. D. S. Ainsworth's (1969) Strange Situation Test. The results demonstrate that adult dogs (Canis familiaris) show patterns of attachment behavior toward the owner. Although there was considerable variability in dogs' attachment behavior to humans, the authors did not find any effect of gender, age, living conditions, or breed on most of the behavioral variables. The human-dog relationship was described by means of a factor analysis in a 3-dimensional factor space: Anxiety, Acceptance, and Attachment. A cluster analysis revealed 5 substantially different classes of dogs, and dogs could be categorized along the secure-insecure attached dimensions of Ainsworth's original test. A dog's relationship to humans is analogous to child-parent and chimpanzee-human attachment behavior because the observed behavioral phenomena and the classification are similar to those described in mother-infant interactions.
在对M. D. 安斯沃思（1969年）陌生情境测试的一个修改版本中，观察了51对主人与狗的组合。结果表明，成年犬（家犬）对主人表现出依恋行为模式。尽管狗对人类的依恋行为存在相当大的变异性，但作者并未发现性别、年龄、生活条件或品种对大多数行为变量有任何影响。通过在三维因素空间中的因素分析来描述人犬关系：焦虑、接受和依恋。聚类分析揭示了5类截然不同的犬，并且可以根据安斯沃思原始测试的安全-不安全依恋维度对犬进行分类。狗与人类的关系类似于儿童与父母以及黑猩猩与人类的依恋行为，因为观察到的行为现象和分类与母婴互动中描述的相似。
