a Department of Public Health and Primary Care , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.
b Institute of Parenting , Adelphi University , Garden City , NY , USA.
Attach Hum Dev. 2019 Aug;21(4):389-417. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2018.1517812. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
This exploratory study describes the development of a classification system for dogs' attachment security to caregivers that adheres closely to Ainsworth's seminal methodology. Fifty-nine adult dogs and caregivers participated in a mildly threatening laboratory encounter with a stranger (TS) and the Strange Situation (SSP). Dog and attachment experts adapted Ainsworth's classification system for the behavioral repertoire of the dog. Four potentially comparable patterns of attachment were identified. The proportions of secure and insecure classifications (61% and 39%) were similar to those found in human toddlers. Caregivers' sensitivity to their dogs during the TS procedure significantly differentiated dogs with secure vs. insecure classifications Lower scores on the Active/excited personality scale on the Monash Canine Personality Questionnaire-Revised (MCPQ-R) also were related to secure classification. This system now makes it possible to compare directly the effects of human and dog attachment patterns on the health and emotional well-being of humans and dogs.
这项探索性研究描述了一种符合安斯沃思开创性方法的犬类对照顾者依恋安全性的分类系统的发展。59 只成年犬和照顾者参与了一个轻度威胁的实验室与陌生人（TS）和陌生情境（SSP）的相遇。狗和依恋专家为狗的行为表现改编了安斯沃思的分类系统。确定了四种可能具有可比性的依恋模式。安全和不安全分类的比例（61%和 39%）与人类幼儿中发现的比例相似。在 TS 过程中，照顾者对他们的狗的敏感性显著地区分了具有安全与不安全分类的狗。在蒙纳士犬类个性问卷修订版（MCPQ-R）上的活跃/兴奋个性量表上得分较低也与安全分类有关。这个系统现在使得直接比较人类和犬类依恋模式对人类和犬类的健康和情绪幸福感的影响成为可能。
