Mizia-Stec K, Zych F, Widala E
II Katedry Patofizjologii Slaskiej Akademii Medycznej.
Ginekol Pol. 1997 Sep;68(9):432-9.
The gross cystic disease (breast cyst < 3 mm in diameter) is common benign disease of the breast. The relations GCD with breast cancer remain the fundamental problem. Although the cysts itself only exceptionaly degenerates into cancer, the presents of macrocystic disease multiplies by 3 to 4 the risk of cancer. A lot of interesting examinations were performed on cyst fluids aspirated from patients to identify women with benign breast disease and particular risk for breast cancer. There are two groups of breast cysts: these lined by apocrine epithelium and those lined by flattened epithelium. It is generally accepted that measurement of intracystic [Na+]/[K+] is a simple way of differentiating between these two groups of cysts. Higher intracystic concentrations of same substances may provide an explanation for the higher risk of breast cancer, which has been observed in low electrolyte group. Breast cyst fluid samples were analyzed for a lot of hormones, proteins, specific growth factors, adhesion molecules, bile acids, tumor markers and their levels were compared with breast cancer risk. At the present time, the biochemical measurements in cyst fluids aren't popular to identify women likely to develop breast cancer. We should use other diagnostic methods to examine these patients.
乳腺大囊性病（直径<3mm的乳腺囊肿）是一种常见的乳腺良性疾病。乳腺大囊性病与乳腺癌的关系仍然是一个基本问题。尽管囊肿本身很少恶变为癌症，但大囊性病的存在会使患癌风险增加3至4倍。为了识别患有良性乳腺疾病且具有乳腺癌特殊风险的女性，对从患者身上抽取的囊液进行了许多有趣的检查。乳腺囊肿有两组：一组由大汗腺上皮衬里，另一组由扁平上皮衬里。一般认为，测量囊内[Na+]/[K+]是区分这两组囊肿的一种简单方法。同一物质较高的囊内浓度可能解释了在低电解质组中观察到的较高乳腺癌风险。对乳腺囊肿液样本进行了多种激素、蛋白质、特定生长因子、黏附分子、胆汁酸、肿瘤标志物的分析，并将它们的水平与乳腺癌风险进行了比较。目前，囊液中的生化检测在识别可能患乳腺癌的女性方面并不普遍。我们应该使用其他诊断方法来检查这些患者。
