Pakhomov A G, Akyel Y, Pakhomova O N, Stuck B E, Murphy M R
McKesson BioServices, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas 78235-5324, USA.
Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19(7):393-413. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1998)19:7<393::aid-bem1>3.0.co;2-x.
In recent years, research into biological and medical effects of millimeter waves (MMW) has expanded greatly. This paper analyzes general trends in the area and briefly reviews the most significant publications, proceeding from cell-free systems, dosimetry, and spectroscopy issues through cultured cells and isolated organs to animals and humans. The studies reviewed demonstrate effects of low-intensity MMW (10 mW/cm2 and less) on cell growth and proliferation, activity of enzymes, state of cell genetic apparatus, function of excitable membranes, peripheral receptors, and other biological systems. In animals and humans, local MMW exposure stimulated tissue repair and regeneration, alleviated stress reactions, and facilitated recovery in a wide range of diseases (MMW therapy). Many reported MMW effects could not be readily explained by temperature changes during irradiation. The paper outlines some problems and uncertainties in the MMW research area, identifies tasks for future studies, and discusses possible implications for development of exposure safety criteria and guidelines.
近年来，对毫米波（MMW）生物和医学效应的研究有了极大扩展。本文分析了该领域的总体趋势，并简要回顾了最重要的出版物，内容从无细胞系统、剂量学和光谱学问题，到培养细胞、离体器官，再到动物和人类。所综述的研究表明，低强度毫米波（10毫瓦/平方厘米及以下）对细胞生长和增殖、酶活性、细胞遗传装置状态、可兴奋膜功能、外周受体及其他生物系统有影响。在动物和人类中，局部毫米波照射可刺激组织修复和再生，减轻应激反应，并促进多种疾病的康复（毫米波疗法）。许多报道的毫米波效应难以用照射期间的温度变化来轻易解释。本文概述了毫米波研究领域的一些问题和不确定性，确定了未来研究的任务，并讨论了对制定照射安全标准和指南的可能影响。
