Patton G C, Carlin J B, Coffey C, Wolfe R, Hibbert M, Bowes G
Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Am J Public Health. 1998 Oct;88(10):1518-22. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.10.1518.
This report considers the extent to which depression and anxiety predict smoking onset in adolescence.
A 6-wave cohort design was used to study a sample of 14- and 15-year-old students (n = 2032) drawn from 44 secondary schools in the state of Victoria, Australia. The students were surveyed between 1992 and 1995 with a computerized questionnaire that included a 7-day retrospective diary for tobacco use and a structured psychiatric interview.
Experimental smokers were 29 times more likely than non-smokers to make a transition into daily use in the subsequent 6 months. Depression and anxiety, along with peer smoking, predicted initiation of experimental smoking. Specifically, depression and anxiety accentuated risks associated with peer smoking and predicted experimentation only in the presence of peer smoking.
The finding that experimental smoking is an overwhelmingly strong predictor of later daily smoking focuses attention on smoking initiation. Depressive and anxiety symptoms are associated with higher risks for initiation through an increased susceptibility to peer smoking influences. Promoting the psychological well-being of adolescents and addressing perceived interpersonal benefits of smoking may play a role in the prevention of adolescent tobacco use.
本报告探讨抑郁和焦虑在多大程度上可预测青少年吸烟行为的开始。
采用六波队列设计，对从澳大利亚维多利亚州44所中学抽取的14至15岁学生样本（n = 2032）进行研究。在1992年至1995年间，使用计算机化问卷对学生进行调查，问卷包括一份7天的烟草使用回顾日记和一次结构化精神科访谈。
尝试吸烟的学生在接下来6个月内转为每日吸烟的可能性是非吸烟者的29倍。抑郁、焦虑以及同伴吸烟行为可预测尝试吸烟行为的开始。具体而言，抑郁和焦虑会加剧与同伴吸烟相关的风险，且仅在有同伴吸烟的情况下可预测尝试吸烟行为。
尝试吸烟是日后每日吸烟行为的一个极其有力的预测指标，这一发现使人们将注意力集中在吸烟行为的开始阶段。抑郁和焦虑症状会因对同伴吸烟影响的易感性增加而与吸烟行为开始的更高风险相关联。促进青少年的心理健康以及解决吸烟所带来的人际关系方面的益处，可能在预防青少年吸烟中发挥作用。
