Walker E D, Stobierski M G, Poplar M L, Smith T W, Murphy A J, Smith P C, Schmitt S M, Cooley T M, Kramer C M
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
J Med Entomol. 1998 Sep;35(5):872-82. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.5.872.
A 12-yr (1985-1996) passive survey in Michigan based upon tick submissions from citizens yielded 4,755 ticks of 21 species, 16 of which were probably indigenous in the state. Three species of Dermacentor [most common, D. variabilis Say and D. albipictus (Packard)]; 2 species of Amblyomma [most common, A. americanum (L.)]; and 12 species of Ixodes (most common, I. cookei Packard and I. scapularis Say), as well as Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, and the soft ticks Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley & Kohls, and Otobius megnini (Duges) were submitted. New state records were I. kingi Bishopp, I. texanus Banks, I. sculptus Neumann, and I. baergi Cooley & Kohls. Examination of gut smears from dissections of 1,037 ticks of 13 species by indirect immunofluorescent assay, using murine monoclonal H9724 as the primary antibody, revealed that 11 of 175 I. scapularis were infected with Borrelia spp. All positive I. scapularis were from Menominee County in the upper peninsula of the state, which also provided 79.8% of all submitted I. scapularis. Surveys for ticks on 5,449 hunter-killed white-tailed deer were conducted from 1988 to 1990, encompassed deer taken from 65 of the state's 83 counties, and showed that although D. albipictus was distributed widely in the northern part of the state, I. scapularis occurred only on deer taken from southern townships of Menominee County. Of 1,218 canine sera tested for antibodies to B. burgdorferi in 1992 and 1993, 25 of 299 (8.0%) from Menominee County were positive but only 1 of 919 sera submitted from 5 counties in the lower peninsula was positive.
1985年至1996年期间，密歇根州开展了一项为期12年的被动监测，该监测基于民众提交的蜱虫样本，共收集到21种蜱虫，总计4755只，其中16种可能为本州本土物种。包括三种革蜱属蜱虫（最常见的是变异革蜱Say和白纹革蜱Packard）；两种钝缘蜱属蜱虫（最常见的是美洲钝缘蜱L.）；以及12种硬蜱属蜱虫（最常见的是库克硬蜱Packard和肩突硬蜱Say），此外还提交了沼泽血蜱Packard、血红扇头蜱Latreille以及软蜱属的凯利钝缘蜱Cooley & Kohls和梅氏钝缘蜱Duges。该州新的记录物种有金氏硬蜱Bishopp、德州硬蜱Banks、雕刻硬蜱Neumann和贝氏硬蜱Cooley & Kohls。采用鼠单克隆抗体H9724作为一抗，通过间接免疫荧光法对13种蜱虫的1037个样本进行肠道涂片检查，结果显示，175只肩突硬蜱中有11只感染了疏螺旋体属。所有呈阳性的肩突硬蜱均来自该州上半岛的梅诺米尼县，该县提交的肩突硬蜱占所有提交样本的79.8%。1988年至1990年期间，对5449只猎人捕杀的白尾鹿身上的蜱虫进行了调查，涵盖该州83个县中的65个县，结果表明，尽管白纹革蜱在该州北部广泛分布，但肩突硬蜱仅出现在梅诺米尼县南部乡镇捕获的鹿身上。1992年和1993年，对1218份犬血清进行了针对伯氏疏螺旋体抗体的检测，其中梅诺米尼县的299份血清中有25份（8.0%）呈阳性，而下半岛5个县提交的919份血清中只有1份呈阳性。
