Müller J L
Integrierter forensisch-psychiatrischer Dienst, Universität Bern, Switzerland.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(6):617-27. doi: 10.3109/15563659809028060.
Nightshade plants (Solanaceae) have been utilized as hallucinogenic drugs since antiquity in nearly every culture. The Solanaceae alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine, were the active substances in ointment of witches and medieval anesthetics, and in modern poisons. They are still currently used as hallucinogenic drugs. In poisonings, a dosage- and substance-dependent clinical picture occurs, with central and peripheral symptoms. Hallucinations are predominant in the middle dose range, which explains the drugs' earlier utilization for religious and prophetic purposes. Respiratory depression and arrest at high doses confirm the use of scopolamine as a lethal poison. Despite this, the nightshade alkaloids were utilized in clinical medicine in the 19th century. This is an overview of the cultural history of the nightshade alkaloids.
自古代以来，几乎在每种文化中，茄科植物都被用作致幻药物。茄科生物碱阿托品和东莨菪碱是女巫药膏和中世纪麻醉剂以及现代毒药中的活性物质。它们目前仍被用作致幻药物。在中毒时，会出现剂量和物质依赖性的临床表现，伴有中枢和外周症状。幻觉在中等剂量范围内最为突出，这解释了这些药物早期用于宗教和预言目的的原因。高剂量时的呼吸抑制和骤停证实了东莨菪碱作为致命毒药的用途。尽管如此，19世纪时茄科生物碱仍被用于临床医学。这是茄科生物碱文化史的概述。
