Cobelli C, Foster D M
Department of Electronics and Informatics, University of Padua, Italy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;445:79-101. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1959-5_5.
Understanding in vivo the functioning of metabolic systems at the whole-body or regional level requires one to make some assumptions on how the system works and to describe them mathematically, that is, to postulate a model of the system. Models of systems can have different characteristics depending on the properties of the system and the database available for their study; they can be deterministic or stochastic, dynamic or static, with lumped or distributed parameters. Metabolic systems are dynamic systems and we focus here on the most widely used class of dynamic (differential equation) models: compartmental models. This is a class of models for which the governing law is conservation of mass. It is a very attractive class to users because it formalizes physical intuition in a simple and reasonable way. Compartmental models are lumped parameter models, in that the events in the system are described by a finite number of changing variables, and are thus described by ordinary differential equations. While stochastic compartment models can also be defined, we discuss here the deterministic versions--those that can work with exact relationships between model variables. These are the models most widely used in discussions of endocrinology and metabolism. In this chapter, we will discuss the theory of compartmental models, and then discuss how the SAAM II software system, a system designed specifically to aid in the development and testing of multicompartmental models, can be used.
要在体内了解全身或局部水平上代谢系统的功能，就需要对该系统的工作方式做出一些假设，并以数学方式进行描述，也就是要假定该系统的一个模型。系统模型会因系统的属性以及可用于研究的数据库不同而具有不同的特征；它们可以是确定性的或随机性的，动态的或静态的，具有集中参数或分布参数。代谢系统是动态系统，我们在此关注最广泛使用的一类动态（微分方程）模型：房室模型。这是一类以质量守恒作为支配定律的模型。它对用户来说极具吸引力，因为它以简单且合理的方式将物理直觉形式化。房室模型是集中参数模型，即系统中的事件由有限数量的变化变量来描述，因此由常微分方程来描述。虽然也可以定义随机房室模型，但我们在此讨论确定性版本——那些能够处理模型变量之间精确关系的模型。这些是在内分泌学和代谢讨论中最广泛使用的模型。在本章中，我们将讨论房室模型的理论，然后讨论如何使用专门设计用于协助多房室模型开发和测试的SAAM II软件系统。
