Kremer B, Klimek L, Mösges R
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1998;255(7):355-8. doi: 10.1007/s004050050076.
A new approach to clinical olfactometry is presented using nasal sprays. A special dosage valve was used to standardize an aerosol size to 40 microns. For evaluation a 6 x 6 matrix (substance/olfactory quality) with verbal associative clues was used according to test psychological findings. Validation took place in three steps after determining smell-associated thresholds in preliminary examinations. Recognition of different aromas administered either by spraying into the open mouth from a distance of 5 cm using nasal sprays or sniffing opened bottles was compared in 50 subjectively normosmic subjects. Findings showed that the correspondence between the two procedures was relatively high, with global identification of odorous substances as high as 98.4% in the spray test. The number of substances used was next reduced to those six substances providing the most reproducible results in an investigation with 56 normosmic and 55 hyposmic subjects. Verbal associative clues were also tested. In a last step 50 patients with hyposmia of various origin and 110 normosmic subjects were tested, allowing previous results to be reproduced regardless of the cause of hyposmia. The spray test was shown to be easily performed and was suitable as a screening test, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 100%.
本文介绍了一种使用鼻喷雾剂进行临床嗅觉测量的新方法。使用一种特殊的剂量阀将气雾剂大小标准化为40微米。根据测试心理学研究结果，使用带有语言联想线索的6×6矩阵（物质/嗅觉质量）进行评估。在初步检查中确定与气味相关的阈值后，分三步进行验证。在50名主观嗅觉正常的受试者中，比较了通过使用鼻喷雾剂从5厘米远处喷入张开的口腔或嗅闻打开的瓶子来给予不同香气的识别情况。结果表明，两种方法之间的对应性相对较高，在喷雾测试中气味物质的总体识别率高达98.4%。接下来，在一项针对56名嗅觉正常和55名嗅觉减退受试者的研究中，将使用的物质数量减少到六种提供最可重复结果的物质。还对语言联想线索进行了测试。在最后一步中，对50名不同病因的嗅觉减退患者和110名嗅觉正常的受试者进行了测试，结果表明无论嗅觉减退的原因如何，之前的结果都能重现。喷雾测试显示易于实施，适合作为筛查测试，灵敏度为88%，特异性为100%。
