McCaskill P A, Toro P A, Wolfe S M
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
J Clin Child Psychol. 1998 Oct;27(3):306-19. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2703_7.
Compared a probability sample of 118 homeless adolescents (ages 12-17) from 6 shelters from throughout the 7-county Detroit metropolitan area to a matched sample of 118 housed adolescents using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC), which yields diagnoses based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria, and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Adolescents in the housed comparison group were matched on age, sex, race, and neighborhood characteristics. Analyses, including ones controlling for a set of 10 risk and resilience factors, indicated that the homeless showed more disruptive behavior disorders and alcohol abuse or dependence on the DISC and greater levels of symptomatology on the BSI. There were no significant group differences on drug abuse or affective disorders, and psychotic disorders were rare in both groups. This pattern of findings is not entirely consistent with popular stereotypes about homeless youth nor with many existing studies (which have often failed to include an appropriate comparison group).
将来自底特律大都市地区7个县的6个收容所的118名无家可归青少年（年龄在12 - 17岁）的概率样本，与118名有家青少年的匹配样本进行比较。使用儿童诊断访谈表（DISC）进行评估，该访谈表依据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第3版，修订版；DSM - III - R；美国精神病学协会，1987年）标准得出诊断结果，并使用简明症状量表（BSI）。有家的对照组青少年在年龄、性别、种族和邻里特征方面进行了匹配。分析包括对一组10个风险和复原力因素进行控制，结果表明，在DISC上，无家可归青少年表现出更多的破坏性行为障碍以及酒精滥用或依赖，并且在BSI上症状水平更高。在药物滥用或情感障碍方面，两组之间没有显著差异，并且两组中精神障碍都很少见。这一研究结果模式并不完全符合关于无家可归青少年的普遍刻板印象，也与许多现有研究不一致（这些研究常常没有纳入合适的对照组）。
