James J E
J Speech Hear Res. 1976 Jun;19(2):206-15. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1902.206.
The influence of the variable of duration on the effects of time-out from speaking was investigated. Forty-five adolescent and adult stutterers participated in a study which examined the relative effects of time-out of one, five, 10, and 30 seconds and no time-out. Response-contingent time-out from speaking of all four durations resulted in significant reductions in stuttering frequency while the no time-out control showed no change. Although longer durations tended to effect greater reductions in stuttering frequency, no reliable differences between time-out durations were found. It was concluded that the punishing effects of the time-out from speaking procedure were predominantly due to its involving contingent interruption of speaking, and that the actual duration of the period of silence was comparatively unimportant. Present findings seems to provide little support for the notion that time-out from speaking primarily represents time-out from positive reinforcement.
研究了时长变量对言语暂停效果的影响。45名青少年和成年口吃者参与了一项研究，该研究考察了1秒、5秒、10秒和30秒的言语暂停以及无言语暂停的相对效果。所有四种时长的基于反应的言语暂停都导致口吃频率显著降低，而无言语暂停的对照组则没有变化。尽管较长的时长往往会使口吃频率降低得更多，但未发现言语暂停时长之间存在可靠的差异。研究得出结论，言语暂停程序的惩罚效果主要是由于其涉及到对口吃的意外打断，而沉默期的实际时长相对不重要。目前的研究结果似乎几乎无法支持言语暂停主要代表正强化暂停的观点。
