James J E
J Appl Behav Anal. 1981 Spring;14(1):25-37. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-25.
Research has shown that stuttering may be attenuated by a variety of response-contingent consequences. To date, however, few attempts have been made to develop comprehensive clinical procedures based on the operant manipulation of stuttering. The present research examined the efficacy of self-initiated response-contingent time-out from speaking in two experiments involving a single subject. Multiple baseline designs were used in which the subject's speech was monitored in a variety of laboratory and community settings. In Experiment 1, the time-out procedure produced reliable reductions in disfluency across all observational settings. Experiment 2 combined a response-cost contingency with time-out in an attempt to increase the reliability with which the subject timed himself out, and to increase further the effectiveness of the procedure. Increases in reliability were produced, and the associated improvements in fluency were maintained at 6- and 12-months' follow-up.
研究表明，口吃可能会因各种与反应相关的后果而减轻。然而，迄今为止，很少有人尝试基于对口吃的操作性控制来开发全面的临床程序。本研究在两项涉及单一受试者的实验中检验了自我发起的与反应相关的暂停说话的效果。采用了多基线设计，在各种实验室和社区环境中监测受试者的言语。在实验1中，暂停程序在所有观察环境中都可靠地减少了言语不流畅。实验2将反应代价应急措施与暂停相结合，试图提高受试者自我暂停的可靠性，并进一步提高该程序的有效性。可靠性得到了提高，并且在6个月和12个月的随访中，流畅性的相关改善得以维持。
