Putman A H, Ringel R L
J Speech Hear Res. 1976 Jun;19(2):247-66. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1902.247.
Cineradiography was used to study the behavior of the lips, tongue, and mandible in two subjects talking normally and under the influence of trigeminal nerve-block anesthesia. The speech sample consisted of isolated words and sentences. The nerve block was administered to eliminate somesthetic sensation in all of the oral articulators except the jaw. Frame-by-frame measurements of lip protrusion, tongue position, and jaw placement were taken from the film data for selected stops, glides, fricatives, and vowels in the speech sample. Comparison of these measurements from the normal and nerve-block condition revealed the following changes in the nerve-block data: (1) reduction in context-appropriate lip protrusion and loss of precision in lip closure activity, which was more noticeable for the upper than the lower lip; (2) a reduction in the precision of tongue articulations particularly on contacts for lingua-alveolar and lingua-velar consonants, apical retroflexion on glides, and steady state postures for lingua-palatal fricatives and vowels; and (3) noticeable alterations in inferior/superior jaw position which was systematically closer to the maxilla for bilabial consonant closures and often reduced or extended in excursion for vowels and other consonants. The data are discussed in terms of the relative effects of an oral somesthetic feedback deficit on speech production, and also with respect to compensation within the articulatory system under conditions of sensory deprivation.
动态放射成像技术被用于研究两名受试者在正常说话以及在三叉神经阻滞麻醉影响下嘴唇、舌头和下颌的运动情况。语音样本包括孤立的单词和句子。进行神经阻滞是为了消除除下颌外所有口腔发音器官的本体感觉。从语音样本中选定的塞音、滑音、擦音和元音的电影数据中逐帧测量嘴唇前突、舌头位置和下颌位置。对正常状态和神经阻滞状态下的这些测量结果进行比较，发现神经阻滞数据有以下变化：(1) 与语境相符的嘴唇前突减少，嘴唇闭合活动的精确度丧失，上唇比下唇更明显；(2) 舌头发音的精确度降低，尤其是在齿龈音和软腭音的接触、滑音时的舌尖后翻以及腭擦音和元音的稳定状态姿势方面；(3) 下颌上下位置有明显变化，在双唇辅音闭合时系统地更靠近上颌，在元音和其他辅音发音时运动幅度常常减小或增大。本文从口腔本体感觉反馈缺陷对言语产生的相对影响方面讨论了这些数据，也讨论了在感觉剥夺条件下发音系统内补偿的相关情况。
