Baran J, Seymour H N
J Speech Hear Res. 1976 Sep;19(3):467-74. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1903.467.
Minimal word pairs that are presumed to be perceptually difficult to differentiate when spoken in black English were examined relative to (1) black children's performance in differentiating the meanings of their own word pair productions and those of other blacks and whites and (2) white children's performance in differentiating the meanings of word pairs produced by black children. Perceptual errors were significantly greater for whites listening to word pairs produced by blacks than for blacks listening to themselves, other blacks, or whites. No significant differences were found among blacks listening to themselves, other blacks, and whites. Perceptual errors followed predictable patterns that were influenced by three phonological rules of black English. Also, the data suggest that there are phonemic cues that are imperceptible to non-black-English speakers which allow black-English speakers to differentiate word pairs.
研究了一些最小词对，这些词对在以黑人英语说出时被认为在感知上难以区分，研究内容包括：（1）黑人儿童区分自己说出的词对以及其他黑人和白人说出的词对含义的表现；（2）白人儿童区分黑人儿童说出的词对含义的表现。白人听黑人说出的词对比黑人听自己、其他黑人或白人说出的词对时产生的感知错误要显著得多。在黑人听自己、其他黑人以及白人说话时，未发现显著差异。感知错误遵循可预测的模式，这些模式受黑人英语的三条音系规则影响。此外，数据表明存在一些非黑人英语使用者无法察觉的音位线索，这些线索使黑人英语使用者能够区分词对。
