Sierra-Beltrán A P, Cruz A, Núñez E, Del Villar L M, Cerecero J, Ochoa J L
Marine Pathology Unit, The Center for Biological Research Northwest, BCS, Mexico.
Toxicon. 1998 Nov;36(11):1493-502. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00139-1.
In the course of the last decade, huge events related to harmful algal blooms (HAB) have severely affected the environment in Mexico, even causing several human casualties. The tally of the toxins known up to date in Mexican waters includes: neurotoxin shellfish poisoning (NSP), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), tetrodotoxin (TTX) or puffer fish poisoning, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Actual epidemiological figures profoundly modified the trends manifested on previous decades. Notwithstanding that the red tides are a long time known phenomena in Mexican coasts, no regular observation of the marine environment has been set up. Although there are monitoring activities for PSP toxins on the shellfish culturing facilities that are exploited for export to the U.S.A., these are only effectively applied on specific spots of the Mexican coasts, implying that the biggest part of the country coastal zones are not formerly surveyed. The misleads caused by the medical conception that food poisoning events are mainly due to microbial contamination, is among the factors why the marine food poisoning events are a neglected disease. In spite of the fact that no official statistics consider HAB related events as a subject of research or further monitoring by the health authorities, sporadic scientific documents related to poisoning events were produced in Mexico. An interesting picture is presented for most of the marine toxins mentioned. Trend and prognosis estimates made with such scarce information, provide a minimum measurement of the reality and urge the need for a permanent monitoring program on the Mexican coasts, a place with one of the greatest marine toxin diversity worldwide.
在过去十年间，与有害藻华（HAB）相关的重大事件严重影响了墨西哥的环境，甚至导致数人死亡。墨西哥海域目前已知的毒素种类包括：神经性贝类中毒（NSP）、麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）、失忆性贝类中毒（ASP）、河豚毒素（TTX）或河豚中毒、雪卡毒素中毒（CFP）以及腹泻性贝类中毒（DSP）。实际的流行病学数据深刻改变了过去几十年所呈现的趋势。尽管赤潮在墨西哥海岸是一种长期存在的现象，但尚未建立对海洋环境的常规观测。虽然针对出口到美国的贝类养殖设施有PSP毒素监测活动，但这些仅在墨西哥海岸的特定地点有效实施，这意味着该国大部分沿海地区此前未被调查。食物中毒事件主要归因于微生物污染这一医学观念所导致的误解，是海洋食物中毒事件成为被忽视疾病的因素之一。尽管官方统计未将与有害藻华相关的事件视为卫生当局研究或进一步监测的对象，但墨西哥仍产生了一些与中毒事件相关的零星科学文献。文中提到的大多数海洋毒素呈现出一种有趣的情况。利用如此稀少的信息进行的趋势和预后估计，对实际情况提供了最低限度的衡量，并促使有必要在墨西哥海岸建立一个永久性监测项目，墨西哥海岸是全球海洋毒素多样性最高的地区之一。
