Rezende N A, Amaral C F, Freire-Maia L
Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Toxicon. 1998 Nov;36(11):1507-13. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00141-x.
Using the ELISA we have shown that in rats subcutaneously injected with Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom there is a fast absorption rate, a fast and high distribution of venom to tissues, a great affinity of the venom for the tissues and a slow elimination half-life. Because of these experimental data, i.v. immunotherapy should be given to patients stung by scorpions as soon as possible after hospital admission. The severity of scorpion envenoming is related to plasma venom concentration (ELISA). The high levels of plasma scorpion venom antigens (ELISA) were cleared 1 h after the infusion of antivenom (5-30 ml of Fab2 fragment) and high concentrations of circulating antivenom persisted for at least 24 h, confirming the efficacy of immunotherapy to neutralise circulating venom. Some symptoms (e.g. local pain and vomiting) decreased 1 h after the starting of immunotherapy, whereas the other symptoms disappeared from 12-48 h later. Using our tripartite approach of treating scorpion envenoming (symptomatic measures, support of vital functions and serotherapy), the mortality rate was very low (0.28%).
通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）我们发现，皮下注射了锯齿脂鲤蝎毒液的大鼠，其毒液吸收速度快，在组织中的分布迅速且广泛，毒液与组织的亲和力高，消除半衰期长。基于这些实验数据，对于被蝎子蜇伤的患者，入院后应尽快进行静脉免疫疗法。蝎子蜇伤的严重程度与血浆毒液浓度（ELISA法测定）有关。输注抗蛇毒血清（5 - 30毫升Fab2片段）1小时后，血浆中高水平的蝎子毒液抗原（ELISA法测定）被清除，且高浓度的循环抗蛇毒血清至少持续存在24小时，这证实了免疫疗法中和循环毒液的有效性。免疫疗法开始1小时后，一些症状（如局部疼痛和呕吐）有所减轻，而其他症状在12 - 48小时后消失。采用我们治疗蝎子蜇伤的三方方法（对症治疗、维持生命功能和血清疗法），死亡率非常低（0.28%）。
