Iddon J L, McKenna P J, Sahakian B J, Robbins T W
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge.
Psychol Med. 1998 Sep;28(5):1049-62. doi: 10.1017/s0033291798006758.
The aim of this study was to investigate mnemonic strategic deficits in schizophrenic patients.
Analogous tasks were used that required the self-generation of an efficient strategy and its implementation in two domains: visuospatial and verbal. The tasks were given to 20 IQ preserved schizophrenics and 20 matched normal controls. A number of different scores was derived from each task including strategy, short-term memory capacity and perseveration.
Overall, the schizophrenic patients were significantly impaired in their ability to generate effective mnemonic strategies on both tasks. In addition, on the visuospatial task there was no difference between the groups on the memory scores, but the schizophrenic patients made significantly more perseverative errors than controls. They were disproportionately worse on the verbal strategy task, showing impairment on memory as well as on strategy scores and were also impaired at semantically classifying the words. Performance was similar to the deficit seen in patients with frontal lobe excisions and Parkinson's disease, in terms of the inability to generate an effective strategy. The deficit on the verbal task was similar to patients with temporal lobe excisions who show impaired verbal memory. However, the pattern differed in the sense that the temporal lobe patients were able to generate effective strategies, unlike the patients with schizophrenia.
High functioning schizophrenic patients are impaired in utilizing visuospatial and verbal mnemonic strategies. By comparing the results with those of neurosurgical excision patients, further evidence is provided for both frontal and temporal lobe involvement in schizophrenia.
本研究旨在调查精神分裂症患者的记忆策略缺陷。
使用了类似的任务，要求在视觉空间和语言两个领域自行生成有效的策略并加以实施。这些任务被分配给20名智商正常的精神分裂症患者和20名匹配的正常对照者。每个任务得出了一些不同的分数，包括策略、短期记忆能力和持续性。
总体而言，精神分裂症患者在两项任务中生成有效记忆策略的能力均显著受损。此外，在视觉空间任务中，两组在记忆分数上没有差异，但精神分裂症患者的持续性错误明显多于对照组。他们在语言策略任务上表现得尤为糟糕，在记忆以及策略分数方面均有受损，并且在对单词进行语义分类时也存在障碍。在无法生成有效策略方面，其表现与额叶切除术患者和帕金森病患者所见的缺陷相似。语言任务上的缺陷与颞叶切除术患者相似，这些患者表现出语言记忆受损。然而，不同之处在于，颞叶患者能够生成有效策略，而精神分裂症患者则不然。
高功能精神分裂症患者在运用视觉空间和语言记忆策略方面存在障碍。通过将结果与神经外科切除术患者的结果进行比较，进一步证明了额叶和颞叶均参与了精神分裂症的发病过程。
