Marzo-Sola M E, Carod-Artal J, Garaizar C, Prats-Viñas J M
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
Rev Neurol. 1998 Apr;26(152):561-3.
Intraparenchymatous haemorrhages are rare in infancy, but their effects may be very harmful. The aetiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis regarding life and function are different from those in adults.
We decided to analyze the characteristics of this pathology in children and compare them with those in adults.
We reviewed the clinical histories of the patients under 13 years of age presenting with a spontaneous intraparenchymatous haemorrhage during a 10 year period.
The study group was made up of 10 patients, 5 boys and 5 girls, aged between 23 days and 11 years. In 7 patients the aetiology was a burst arteriovenous malformation; in one a serious liver disorder due to alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency; bleeding from an undiagnosed tumour caused another case and no aetiology was found in a further case. Two patients died, 6 patients had residual neurological defects and in the other two there were no sequelae.
Intraparenchymatous haematomas in children have a high mortality (20%) and many sequelae. The figures are comparable with those for elderly persons aged over 70 and much greater than in the case of young adults. The commonest aetiology is an arteriovenous malformation, followed at a considerable distance by coagulopathies and tumours.
脑实质内出血在婴儿期较为罕见，但其影响可能非常有害。其病因、临床特征以及对生命和功能的预后与成人不同。
我们决定分析儿童这种病症的特征，并将其与成人的特征进行比较。
我们回顾了10年间13岁以下出现自发性脑实质内出血患者的临床病史。
研究组由10名患者组成，5名男孩和5名女孩，年龄在23天至11岁之间。7例患者的病因是动静脉畸形破裂；1例是由于α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏导致的严重肝脏疾病；1例因未确诊的肿瘤出血，另有1例未发现病因。2例患者死亡，6例患者有神经功能缺损后遗症，另外2例无后遗症。
儿童脑实质内血肿死亡率高（20%）且后遗症多。这些数据与70岁以上老年人的数据相当，远高于年轻人。最常见的病因是动静脉畸形，其次是凝血障碍和肿瘤，但差距较大。
