Hamet P, Pausova Z, Adarichev V, Adaricheva K, Tremblay J
Centre de Recherche du C.H.U.M., Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
J Hypertens. 1998 Apr;16(4):397-418. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199816040-00001.
Hypertension can be classified as either Mendelian hypertension or essential hypertension, on the basis of the mode of inheritance. The Mendelian forms of hypertension develop as a result of a single gene defect, and as such are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner. In contrast, essential hypertension occurs as a consequence of a complex interplay of a number of genetic alterations and environmental factors, and therefore does not follow a clear pattern of inheritance, but exhibits familial aggregation of cases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of both types of hypertension. We review the causal gene defects identified in several monogenic forms of hypertension, and we discuss their possible relevance to the development of essential hypertension. We describe the current approaches to identifying the genetic determinants of human essential hypertension and rat genetic models of hypertension, and summarise the results obtained to date using these methods. Finally, we discuss the significance of environmental factors, such as stress and diet, in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and we describe their interactions with specific hypertension susceptibility genes.
根据遗传方式，高血压可分为孟德尔遗传性高血压和原发性高血压。孟德尔遗传性高血压是由单个基因缺陷引起的，因此以简单的孟德尔方式遗传。相比之下，原发性高血压是多种基因改变和环境因素复杂相互作用的结果，因此不遵循明确的遗传模式，但表现出病例的家族聚集性。在本综述中，我们讨论了在理解这两种类型高血压发病机制方面的最新进展。我们回顾了在几种单基因形式的高血压中确定的因果基因缺陷，并讨论了它们与原发性高血压发展的可能相关性。我们描述了目前识别人类原发性高血压遗传决定因素和高血压大鼠遗传模型的方法，并总结了迄今为止使用这些方法获得的结果。最后，我们讨论了压力和饮食等环境因素在高血压发病机制中的重要性，并描述了它们与特定高血压易感基因的相互作用。
