Windmann S
Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
J Anxiety Disord. 1998 Sep-Oct;12(5):485-507. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00029-2.
In the literature, psychological and biological theories of panic disorder are often regarded as mutually exclusive. The present article presents an integrative theory that explains how and why cognitive misinterpretations and "false threat alarms" leading to irrational fear and anxiety can arise from a neurobiological dysfunction in the amygdala and ascending transmitter systems. According to this view, physiological symptoms (such as palpitations and respiration manoeuvres) and psychological symptoms of anxiety (perception of threat and anticipation of catastrophe) are elicited simultaneously by a subcortical threat detection mechanism. This perspective might help to integrate conflicting earlier approaches. It is discussed with respect to theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications.
在文献中，惊恐障碍的心理学理论和生物学理论常常被视为相互排斥的。本文提出了一种综合理论，该理论解释了杏仁核和上行递质系统的神经生物学功能障碍如何以及为何会导致认知错误解读和“错误威胁警报”，进而引发非理性恐惧和焦虑。根据这一观点，生理症状（如心悸和呼吸动作）和焦虑的心理症状（对威胁的感知和对灾难的预期）是由一种皮层下威胁检测机制同时引发的。这一观点可能有助于整合早期相互冲突的方法。文中还从理论、实证和临床意义方面进行了讨论。
