Phillips M L, Young A W, Scott S K, Calder A J, Andrew C, Giampietro V, Williams S C, Bullmore E T, Brammer M, Gray J A
Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 1998 Oct 7;265(1408):1809-17. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0506.
Neuropsychological studies report more impaired responses to facial expressions of fear than disgust in people with amygdala lesions, and vice versa in people with Huntington's disease. Experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have confirmed the role of the amygdala in the response to fearful faces and have implicated the anterior insula in the response to facial expressions of disgust. We used fMRI to extend these studies to the perception of fear and disgust from both facial and vocal expressions. Consistent with neuropsychological findings, both types of fearful stimuli activated the amygdala. Facial expressions of disgust activated the anterior insula and the caudate-putamen; vocal expressions of disgust did not significantly activate either of these regions. All four types of stimuli activated the superior temporal gyrus. Our findings therefore (i) support the differential localization of the neural substrates of fear and disgust; (ii) confirm the involvement of the amygdala in the emotion of fear, whether evoked by facial or vocal expressions; (iii) confirm the involvement of the anterior insula and the striatum in reactions to facial expressions of disgust; and (iv) suggest a possible general role for the perception of emotional expressions for the superior temporal gyrus.
神经心理学研究报告称，杏仁核受损的人对恐惧面部表情的反应受损程度比厌恶面部表情更严重，而在患有亨廷顿舞蹈症的人身上情况则相反。使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的实验证实了杏仁核在对恐惧面孔的反应中的作用，并表明前脑岛在对厌恶面部表情的反应中发挥作用。我们使用fMRI将这些研究扩展到对面部和声音表情中的恐惧和厌恶的感知。与神经心理学研究结果一致，两种类型的恐惧刺激均激活了杏仁核。厌恶的面部表情激活了前脑岛和尾状核 - 壳核；厌恶的声音表情未显著激活这两个区域中的任何一个。所有四种类型的刺激均激活了颞上回。因此，我们的研究结果：（i）支持恐惧和厌恶神经基质的差异定位；（ii）证实杏仁核参与恐惧情绪，无论其是由面部还是声音表情诱发；（iii）证实在对厌恶面部表情的反应中前脑岛和纹状体的参与；以及（iv）表明颞上回在情绪表情感知中可能具有普遍作用。
