Depasse B, Pauwels D, Somers Y, Vincent J L
Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Belgium, Brussels.
Intensive Care Med. 1998 Sep;24(9):939-45. doi: 10.1007/s001340050693.
To evaluate major similarities and major differences between Western European countries in intensive care unit (ICU) nurse staffing, education, training, responsibilities, and initiative.
A questionnaire was sent to Western European doctor members of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, to be passed on to the nurse-in-charge of their ICU.
156 completed questionnaires were analyzed: 49% were from university hospitals, 26% from university-affiliated hospitals, and 25% from community hospitals; 42% of the hospitals had more than 700 beds, 67% of the ICUs had between 6 and 12 beds, and 54% were mixed medical-surgical units. Among British units, 79% had more than three full-time nursing equivalents (FTE) per ICU bed, while in Sweden 75% of units had less than two FTE/ICU bed. University hospitals had more nursing staff per bed than community hospitals. As regards training, 33% of nurses followed a training course before starting work on the ICU and 64% after starting on the unit, and 85% had easy access to continuing education, particularly in the university hospitals. In an emergency, more than 70% of nurses regularly initiated oxygen administration, mask ventilation, or cardiac massage. In Sweden 100% of nurses and in Switzerland 91% of nurses regularly inserted peripheral intravenous catheters, but only 7% of German nurses did. No German nurses and only 12% of British nurses regularly performed arterial puncture, but in Sweden 75% of nurses regularly did.
Even though the number of participants were limited, our questionnaire revealed variations in nurse staffing patterns among European countries and in their systems of training and education. Nurse autonomy also varies widely between countries.
评估西欧国家在重症监护病房（ICU）护士配备、教育、培训、职责及主动性方面的主要异同。
向欧洲重症监护医学学会的西欧医生会员发放问卷，由他们转交给所在ICU的护士长。
对156份完整问卷进行了分析：49%来自大学医院，26%来自大学附属医院，25%来自社区医院；42%的医院床位超过700张，67%的ICU床位为6至12张，54%为内科-外科混合病房。在英国的病房中，79%的ICU每张床位配备的全职护理等效人员（FTE）超过3名，而在瑞典，75%的病房每张床位配备的FTE少于2名。大学医院每张床位的护理人员比社区医院多。在培训方面，33%的护士在上ICU工作前参加过培训课程，64%在开始在该科室工作后参加过培训，85%的护士能够轻松获得继续教育，尤其是在大学医院。在紧急情况下，超过70%的护士会定期进行氧气供应、面罩通气或心脏按压。在瑞典，100%的护士和在瑞士91%的护士会定期插入外周静脉导管，但德国只有7%的护士会。没有德国护士定期进行动脉穿刺，英国只有12%的护士会，但在瑞典，75%的护士会定期进行。
尽管参与调查的人数有限，但我们的问卷显示欧洲国家在护士配备模式、培训和教育体系方面存在差异。各国护士的自主性也有很大差异。
