Preussmann R
Oncology. 1976;33(2):51-7. doi: 10.1159/000225103.
A short review on environmental carcinogenesis by chemicals is given. Problems related with the determination of carcinogenicity of chemicals are mentioned. Some critical factors in the monitoring of environmental carcinogens are discussed in relation to a quantification of human exposure to such compounds. An attempt at risk evaluation is made for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, vinyl chloride, N-nitroso compounds and aflatoxins. It is concluded that there is a "threshold dose" for individual carcinogens that does not lead to tumor induction within the normal life span. The probability of multifactorial cause of human cancer by environmental carcinogens, however, does not allow the definition of "safe" levels of such compounds in view of syncarcinogenic and other enhancing and/or modifying effects.
本文对化学物质的环境致癌作用进行了简要综述。文中提到了与化学物质致癌性测定相关的问题。结合人类接触此类化合物的定量分析，讨论了环境致癌物监测中的一些关键因素。对多环芳烃、氯乙烯、N-亚硝基化合物和黄曲霉毒素进行了风险评估。得出的结论是，个体致癌物存在一个“阈剂量”，在正常寿命范围内不会导致肿瘤诱发。然而，鉴于协同致癌作用以及其他增强和/或修饰作用，环境致癌物导致人类癌症多因素成因的可能性使得无法定义此类化合物的“安全”水平。
