Hurrell J J, Nelson D L, Simmons B L
Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA.
J Occup Health Psychol. 1998 Oct;3(4):368-89. doi: 10.1037//1076-8998.3.4.368.
This article examines assessment approaches and specific measures used by job-stress researchers to characterize aspects of work and the working environment (potential job stressors) and workers' reactions to these working conditions (strains). Self-report instruments, observational approaches, and physiological indicators are described. Problematic areas (e.g., the use of overlapping stressor and strain measures) and contemporary issues affecting job stress assessment (e.g., negative affectivity) are discussed. Recommendations regarding instrument selection and measurement improvements are offered. It is concluded that closer attention to measurement-related issues is critical to the advancement of knowledge in the field. Important needs include the identification and more frequent use of objective measures, the increased use of triangulation strategies, and a careful examination of the adequacy of existing constructs and measures for capturing the demands of contemporary work.
本文探讨了工作压力研究人员用于描述工作及工作环境（潜在工作压力源）各方面以及员工对这些工作条件的反应（压力）的评估方法和具体措施。文中描述了自我报告工具、观察方法和生理指标。讨论了存在问题的领域（如使用重叠的压力源和压力测量方法）以及影响工作压力评估的当代问题（如消极情感）。还提供了有关工具选择和测量改进的建议。得出的结论是，密切关注与测量相关的问题对于该领域知识的进步至关重要。重要的需求包括识别并更频繁地使用客观测量方法、增加三角测量策略的使用，以及仔细检查现有结构和测量方法对于捕捉当代工作需求的充分性。
