Economides P, Christofi G, Gemmell M A
Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agiculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Vet Parasitol. 1998 Oct;79(2):151-63. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00163-0.
A control programme directed against Echinococcus granulosus was introduced into the Republic of Cyprus in 1971. In 1974, this was restricted to the areas controlled by the government of the island. The force used in the 'attack' phase included a major dog control programme. This and other measures led to the rapid 'disappearance' of the parasite and control was terminated in 1985. Subsequent studies during 1993-1996 revealed that the parasite was present in 82 (20%) villages in either dogs or food animals or both and control was re-introduced in the 'consolidation' phase with emphasis on the surveillance of E. granulosus in intermediate hosts, animal movement control and treatment of dogs in 'infected' villages. During these surveys, a major difficulty was found to be in determining whether transmission was autocthonus or introduced by animals from the areas not controlled by the government. Evidence was found to suggest the former was the most likely for the infected animals which had been born and reared far from the dividing line in the government-controlled area. A major contribution of this and other island programmes, such as those in Iceland, New Zealand, Tasmania (Australia) and the Falkland Islands, to an understanding of control planning has been the demonstration that it cannot readily be determined when eradication has been achieved and that once the costly 'attack' phase has been converted into the much more cost-effective 'consolidation' phase this must be maintained indefinitely in that phase if there is cross-border transmission as is likely to be the case in all Continental control programmes.
1971年，塞浦路斯共和国引入了一项针对细粒棘球绦虫的防控计划。1974年，该计划被限制在该岛政府控制的地区。“攻击”阶段所采用的措施包括一项主要的犬类控制计划。这一措施以及其他措施导致该寄生虫迅速“消失”，防控计划于1985年终止。1993 - 1996年期间的后续研究表明，该寄生虫存在于82个（20%）村庄的犬类或食用动物或两者之中，于是在“巩固”阶段重新引入了防控计划，重点是监测中间宿主中的细粒棘球绦虫、控制动物流动以及对“受感染”村庄的犬类进行治疗。在这些调查中，发现一个主要困难在于确定传播是本地发生的还是由来自政府未控制地区的动物引入的。有证据表明，对于那些在政府控制区内远离分界线出生和饲养的受感染动物，前者的可能性最大。该计划以及冰岛、新西兰、塔斯马尼亚（澳大利亚）和福克兰群岛等其他岛屿计划，对理解防控规划的一个主要贡献在于表明，很难确定何时实现了根除，并且一旦代价高昂的“攻击”阶段转变为成本效益更高的“巩固”阶段，如果存在跨境传播（所有大陆防控计划都可能出现这种情况），那么在该阶段必须无限期维持这一阶段。
