Endacott R
Postgraduate Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.
Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1998 Apr;14(2):66-73. doi: 10.1016/s0964-3397(98)80198-5.
There has been a wealth of guidance from both policy-makers (Department of Health, (DoH) 1991, DoH 1997a, DoH 1997b) and other interested parties (Audit Commission 1993, British Paediatric Association 1993, Paediatric Intensive Care Society 1992) regarding how and where care should be provided for critically ill children. Latest recommendations indicate that designated general ICUs will continue to provide care for children requiring life support and that all general ICUs will need to initiate such care (DoH 1997a). The literature relating to how nurses identify and act on the needs of the critically ill child has been anecdotal in nature (Green 1991, Purcell 1993), whilst published studies focus on comparing outcomes (Pollock et al 1991) and addressing the needs of parents (Farrell & Frost 1992, Kasper & Nyamathi 1988). This paper explores the literature regarding the needs of the critically ill child, incorporating the role of parents and previous studies exploring needs. The findings of a modified Delphi study exploring the needs of the critically ill child are also outlined.
政策制定者（卫生部，1991年、1997年a版、1997年b版）以及其他相关方（审计委员会，1993年；英国儿科学会，1993年；儿科重症监护学会，1992年）针对如何以及在何处为重症儿童提供护理给出了大量指导意见。最新建议表明，指定的综合重症监护病房将继续为需要生命支持的儿童提供护理，并且所有综合重症监护病房都需要开展此类护理（卫生部，1997年a版）。关于护士如何识别重症儿童的需求并据此采取行动的文献本质上多为轶事性的（格林，1991年；珀塞尔，1993年），而已发表的研究则侧重于比较治疗结果（波洛克等人，1991年）以及关注家长的需求（法雷尔和弗罗斯特，1992年；卡斯珀和尼亚马蒂，1988年）。本文探讨了有关重症儿童需求的文献，纳入了家长的角色以及以往探索需求的研究。文中还概述了一项经过改进的德尔菲研究关于重症儿童需求的调查结果。
