Fujisawa H, Suenaga N, Minami A
Department of Rehabilitation, Noboribetsu Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Japan.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998 Sep-Oct;7(5):491-4. doi: 10.1016/s1058-2746(98)90200-2.
Water exercises are used for early rehabilitation programs after shoulder injury such as rotator cuff tear, yet no literature discusses the muscle activity of such rehabilitation programs in water. The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic activity from 8 volunteers during isometric exercises in water and on land. Nine isometric exercises were studied: with 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees shoulder flexion and abduction, and 3 positions of shoulder rotation at 0 degrees abduction (both maximal internal and external rotation and mid-position). Nine parts of 6 muscles were studied: the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, 2 parts of the pectoralis major (clavicular and costal), 3 parts of the deltoid (anterior, middle, and posterior), and the latissimus dorsi. The electromyographic signals were low-pass filtered, full-wave rectified, and integrated for 5 seconds. The electromyographic activity was quantified as a percentage of the maximal manual muscle test. The results showed that supraspinatus activity at 90 degrees abduction significantly decreased from 22.3+/-15.8 on land to 3.9+/-3.3% manual muscle test in water (P < .01). Other muscle activities in water also decreased remarkably compared with those on land. These results provide valuable information for the safety of water exercise for early rehabilitation programs after shoulder injury such as rotator cuff tear.
水上运动被用于肩部损伤（如肩袖撕裂）后的早期康复计划，但尚无文献讨论此类康复计划在水中时的肌肉活动情况。本研究的目的是分析8名志愿者在水中和陆地上进行等长运动时的肌电图活动。研究了九种等长运动：肩部屈曲和外展分别为30度、60度和90度，以及在外展0度时的三个肩部旋转位置（最大内旋和外旋以及中间位置）。研究了6块肌肉的九个部分：冈上肌、冈下肌、肩胛下肌、胸大肌的两个部分（锁骨部和肋部）、三角肌的三个部分（前部、中部和后部）以及背阔肌。肌电信号进行低通滤波、全波整流，并积分5秒。肌电图活动以最大徒手肌力测试的百分比进行量化。结果显示，在外展90度时，冈上肌的活动从陆地上的22.3±15.8显著降至水中的3.9±3.3%徒手肌力测试（P <.01）。与在陆地上相比，水中的其他肌肉活动也显著降低。这些结果为肩部损伤（如肩袖撕裂）后的早期康复计划中的水上运动安全性提供了有价值的信息。
