López-Rey M
Quad Criminol Clin. 1976 Apr-Jun;18(2):161-76.
There is conventional crime and unconventional crime. The first is mostly made up of offences against persons, property, morals and public order; the second of crimes committed under cover of official positions; against international laws; by "intelligence services"; terrorism; economic and financial frauds; illicit trade; criminal corruption at high levels; discriminatory practices; pollution; illicit traffic drugs, etc.. The vast majority of them are defined as criminal offences by national penal codes and special laws, but largely go unpunished. Unconventional crime cannot be explained by the traditional references to the personality of the offender. The explanation for the failure of contemporary criminology lies mostly in regarding the phenomenon of criminality as the ensemble of crimes which may be individually explained, instead of considering it as a sociopolitical phenomenon. If criminology is to survive, it must realize that the conventional is only one aspect of the sociopolitical phenomenon of crime, and that the study of unconventional crime demands an approach that the self-satisfied criminologies of our time cannot provide. The discussion and the study on unconventional crime will raise political difficulties, but the time has come that criminology and criminal justice face the fact that science can no longer be (or assume to be) neutral.
存在传统犯罪和非传统犯罪。前者主要包括针对人身、财产、道德和公共秩序的犯罪；后者包括利用公职身份实施的犯罪、违反国际法的犯罪、“情报机构”实施的犯罪、恐怖主义、经济和金融欺诈、非法贸易、高层的刑事腐败、歧视性做法、污染、毒品非法贩运等。其中绝大多数被国家刑法典和特别法界定为刑事犯罪，但大多未受惩处。非传统犯罪无法用传统的关于犯罪者个性的说法来解释。当代犯罪学未能作出解释，主要原因在于将犯罪现象视为可逐一解释的犯罪总和，而非将其视为一种社会政治现象。如果犯罪学要存续下去，就必须认识到传统犯罪只是犯罪这一社会政治现象的一个方面，而且对非传统犯罪的研究需要一种当今自满自足的犯罪学所无法提供的方法。对非传统犯罪的讨论和研究将引发政治难题，但现在是犯罪学和刑事司法直面科学再也无法（或不应假定）保持中立这一事实的时候了。
