Miller A
Maimouides Medical Center, Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Health Science Center at Brooklyn, 11219, USA.
Semin Neurol. 1998;18(3):309-16. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040882.
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains clinically determined, based on evidence for lesions disseminated over time and space. Evidence of multifocal disease can now be obtained through paraclinical tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging and evoked responses. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities may facilitate diagnosis. The disease is extremely protean in its manifestations, although early in the course, sensory symptoms, motor weakness, and optic neuritis occur most frequently. Once a diagnosis is established, patients should be so informed by their physician, so that they will be prepared to engage in dialogue about available treatment options. The diagnosis is not difficult in straightforward cases, but a large differential exists, which varies depending on the temporal and spatial profile of disease with which the patient presents.
多发性硬化症（MS）的诊断仍基于临床判定，依据的是随时间和空间扩散的病灶证据。如今，可通过诸如磁共振成像和诱发电位等辅助临床检查来获取多灶性疾病的证据。脑脊液异常可能有助于诊断。尽管在病程早期，感觉症状、运动无力和视神经炎最为常见，但该病的表现极为多变。一旦确诊，医生应告知患者，以便他们准备好就可用的治疗方案展开讨论。在直接明了的病例中，诊断并不困难，但存在很大的鉴别诊断范围，这会因患者所患疾病的时间和空间特征而有所不同。
