Schredl M, Doll E
Sleep Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Conscious Cogn. 1998 Dec;7(4):634-46. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1998.0356.
Even though various investigations found a preponderance of negative emotions in dreams, the conclusion that human dream life is, in general, negatively toned is limited by several methodological issues. The present study made use of three different approaches to measure dream emotions: dream intensity rated by the dreamer, intensity rated by a judge, and scoring of explicitly mentioned emotions (Hall & Van de Castle, 1966). Results indicate that only in the case of external raters' estimates do negative emotions outweigh the positive ones; but in the case of self-ratings (i.e., those made by the dreamer himself/herself), the ratio was balanced. Analyses showed that this is mainly due to the underestimation of positive emotions in the external ratings. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the intensity of dream emotions and dream recall frequency, whereas gender differences were nonsignificant as regards the emotional tone of diary dreams.
尽管各种调查发现在梦境中负面情绪占主导，但关于人类梦境生活总体上基调为负面这一结论，受到若干方法学问题的限制。本研究采用了三种不同方法来测量梦境情绪：做梦者评定的梦境强度、评判者评定的强度以及明确提及情绪的计分（霍尔和范德卡斯尔，1966）。结果表明，只有在外在评判者的评估中，负面情绪才超过正面情绪；但在自我评定（即由做梦者本人做出的评定）中，二者比例是平衡的。分析表明，这主要是由于外在评定中对正面情绪的低估。此外，还发现梦境情绪强度与梦境回忆频率之间呈正相关，而关于日记梦境的情绪基调，性别差异并不显著。
