Lionello K M, Urcuioli P J
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1998 Nov;70(3):235-51. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1998.70-235.
Three experiments assessed the impact of sample location in pigeons' matching to sample. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that after line or hue identity matching was acquired to high levels of accuracy with center-key samples, varying sample location across the three keys disrupted performances. The drop in accuracy occurred following both zero-delay and simultaneous training and was mostly confined to trials in which the sample appeared on a side key. Experiment 3 attempted to diminish control by location by training birds to match samples that could appear in any location prior to center-key sample training and moving-sample testing with another set of stimuli. In testing, all birds performed accurately on center-sample trials and on side-key sample trials in which the matching choice appeared on the center key. Accuracy was below chance, however, on side-key sample trials in which the matching choice appeared on the other side key. One implication of the persistent control by sample location in the three-key paradigm is that it precludes the possibility of symmetry because symmetry tests require a change in the locations at which samples and comparisons appear.
三项实验评估了样本位置对鸽子样本匹配的影响。实验1和实验2表明，当使用中央按键样本将线条或色调识别匹配训练到高精度水平后，在三个按键间改变样本位置会干扰表现。准确性下降出现在零延迟和同时训练之后，并且主要局限于样本出现在侧边按键的试验中。实验3试图通过以下方式减少位置控制的影响：在使用中央按键样本训练和用另一组刺激进行移动样本测试之前，训练鸽子匹配可能出现在任何位置的样本。在测试中，所有鸽子在中央样本试验以及匹配选择出现在中央按键的侧边按键样本试验中都能准确表现。然而，在匹配选择出现在另一侧边按键的侧边按键样本试验中，准确性低于随机水平。在三按键范式中，样本位置持续产生控制作用的一个影响是，它排除了对称性的可能性，因为对称性测试要求样本和比较项出现的位置发生变化。
