Cox D N, Anderson A S, Reynolds J, McKellar S, Lean M E, Mela D J
Consumer Sciences Department, Institute of Food Research, Reading, UK.
Br J Nutr. 1998 Aug;80(2):123-31. doi: 10.1017/s0007114598001020.
This study reports results from a randomized controlled intervention trial, focusing on: (1) the identification of successful consumer strategies for increasing fruit and vegetable intakes to the recommended levels of more than five (80 g) portions per day and (2) impact on overall diet and nutrient intakes. Adult men and women (n 170) fulfilling the main recruitment criterion of eating less than five fruit and vegetable portions per day but contemplating increasing intakes were recruited. Complete valid dietary data was provided by 101 intervention (fifty-nine estimated fruit and vegetable intakes, and forty-two simultaneous weighted total dietary and estimated fruit and vegetable intakes) and twenty-four control subjects (weighed total dietary intakes). Intervention advice included the specific association of high fruit and vegetable intake with reduced risk of disease, practicalities, and portion definition with a target intake of greater than five 80 g fruit and vegetable portions per day for 8 weeks. There were significant effects (P < 0.001) on weighed intakes of fruit and vegetables in the intervention group, rising from 324 (SE 25) to 557 (SE 31) g/d and reflected by validated portion measures at 8 weeks intervention. Successful strategies chosen by 'achievers' of the target intake (65% of subjects) were conventional (fruit as a snack, vegetables with main meals etc.) and favoured fruit. There were significant increases in percentage energy from carbohydrate (from sugars not starch), vitamin C, carotenes and NSP and there was a significant decrease in percentage energy from fat for subjects who had high fat intakes (> 35% energy) at baseline. Follow-up self-reported measures at 6 and 12 months indicated mean intakes of 4.5 and 4.6 defined portions/d respectively, suggesting some sustainable effect. In conclusion, the intervention led to significant increases in fruit and vegetable intakes largely via conventional eating habits, with some desirable effects on macro- and micronutrient intakes.
本研究报告了一项随机对照干预试验的结果，重点关注：（1）确定成功的消费者策略，以将水果和蔬菜摄入量增加到推荐水平，即每天超过五份（80克）；（2）对总体饮食和营养素摄入量的影响。招募了成年男性和女性（n = 170），他们满足主要招募标准，即每天食用的水果和蔬菜份数少于五份，但考虑增加摄入量。101名干预对象（59名估计的水果和蔬菜摄入量，以及42名同时进行的加权总饮食和估计的水果和蔬菜摄入量）和24名对照对象（加权总饮食摄入量）提供了完整有效的饮食数据。干预建议包括高水果和蔬菜摄入量与降低疾病风险的具体关联、实际操作方法以及份量定义，目标摄入量为每天超过五份80克的水果和蔬菜，持续8周。干预组水果和蔬菜的称重摄入量有显著影响（P < 0.001），从324（标准误25）克/天增加到557（标准误31）克/天，8周干预时经验证的份量测量结果反映了这一变化。达到目标摄入量的“成功者”（65%的受试者）选择的成功策略是传统策略（水果作为零食、蔬菜搭配主餐等），且偏爱水果。对于基线时高脂肪摄入量（> 35%能量）的受试者，碳水化合物（来自糖而非淀粉）、维生素C、胡萝卜素和非淀粉多糖提供的能量百分比显著增加，脂肪提供的能量百分比显著降低。6个月和12个月的随访自我报告测量结果表明，平均摄入量分别为每天4.5份和4.6份定义份量，表明有一定的可持续影响。总之，该干预措施主要通过传统饮食习惯显著增加了水果和蔬菜摄入量，并对宏量和微量营养素摄入量产生了一些有益影响。
