基于健康信念模式的癌症预防营养教育对伊朗妇女营养知识、态度和实践的影响。

The effect of nutrition education for cancer prevention based on health belief model on nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women.

机构信息

Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 13145158, Tehran, Iran.

出版信息

BMC Womens Health. 2022 Jun 7;22(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01802-1.

DOI:10.1186/s12905-022-01802-1

PMID:35672814

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9175379/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In recent years, nutrition has received an increasingly important role in the etiology of cancer. Thus, public education about dietary factors associated with cancer risk or prevention could be an important intervention for cancer prevention, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of cancer is increasing rapidly and the access to care is limited. The age-standardized incidence of breast cancer was 35.8 among Iranian women in 2020. We aimed to study the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women towards dietary factors related to cancer.

METHODS

In this interventional study, 229 women from public health centers were recruited and underwent three 75-min sessions of education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Participants were interviewed by trained interviewers using a validated and reproducible nutrition-related cancer prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire (NUTCANKAP) questionnaire designed based on the HBM. Nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants were assessed through this questionnaire. Three 24-h dietary recalls (one weekend and two nonconsecutive weekdays) were also collected before and one month after the intervention.

RESULTS

The mean age of the participants was 45.14 years, and the mean BMI was 27.2 kg/m. After the intervention, the participants had a higher intake of whole grain (p = 0.03) and a lower fat dairy (p = 0.009) and nuts (p = 0.04). However, the intake of high-fat dairy (p = 0.001) decreased after the intervention. We indicated significant differences in knowledge (p < 0.001) and nutritional practice scores (p = 0.01) after education. In addition, after the intervention, there were significant differences in the mean score of the HBM components, except for the perceived self-efficacy.

CONCLUSION

Participation in a nutrition education program positively impacted the knowledge and nutritional practices linked to cancer prevention.

摘要

背景

近年来，营养在癌症的病因学中扮演着越来越重要的角色。因此，针对与癌症风险或预防相关的饮食因素开展公众教育，可能是癌症预防的一项重要干预措施，尤其是在癌症负担迅速增加且医疗资源有限的中低收入国家。2020 年，伊朗女性乳腺癌的年龄标准化发病率为 35.8/10 万。我们旨在研究营养教育对伊朗女性与癌症相关饮食因素的知识、态度和实践的影响。

方法

在这项干预性研究中，我们招募了 229 名来自公共卫生中心的女性，并对其进行了基于健康信念模型（HBM）的 3 次 75 分钟的教育课程。研究人员采用经过验证且可重复的与营养相关的癌症预防知识、态度和实践问卷（NUTCANKAP）对参与者进行了访谈，该问卷是基于 HBM 设计的。通过该问卷评估了参与者的营养知识、态度和实践。在干预前和干预后 1 个月，还收集了 3 份 24 小时膳食回顾（1 个周末和 2 个非连续工作日）。

结果

参与者的平均年龄为 45.14 岁，平均 BMI 为 27.2 kg/m²。干预后，参与者全谷物的摄入量增加（p=0.03），而高脂肪乳制品（p=0.009）和坚果（p=0.04）的摄入量减少。然而，高脂肪乳制品的摄入量在干预后下降（p=0.001）。教育后，知识（p<0.001）和营养实践评分（p=0.01）有显著差异。此外，干预后，HBM 各组成部分的平均得分除感知自我效能外均有显著差异。