Bockting W O, Robinson B E, Rosser B R
Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Medical School, University of Minnesota, USA.
AIDS Care. 1998 Aug;10(4):505-25. doi: 10.1080/09540129850124028.
Although clinical experience and preliminary research suggest that some transgender people are at significant risk for HIV, this stigmatized group has so far been largely ignored in HIV prevention. As part of the development of HIV prevention education targeting the transgender population, focus groups of selected transgender individuals assessed their HIV risks and prevention needs. Data were gathered in the following four areas: (1) the impact of HIV/AIDS on transgender persons; (2) risk factors; (3) information and services needed; and (4) recruitment strategies. Findings indicated that HIV/AIDS compounds stigmatization related to transgender identity, interferes with sexual experimentation during the transgender 'coming out' process, and may interfere with obtaining sex reassignment. Identified transgender-specific risk factors include: sexual identity conflict, shame and isolation, secrecy, search for affirmation, compulsive sexual behaviour, prostitution, and sharing needles while injecting hormones. Community involvement, peer education and affirmation of transgender identity were stressed as integral components of a successful intervention. Education of health professionals about transgender identity and sexuality and support groups for transgender people with HIV/AIDS are urgently needed.
尽管临床经验和初步研究表明，一些跨性别者面临着感染艾滋病毒的重大风险，但这一受到污名化的群体在艾滋病毒预防方面迄今基本上被忽视。作为针对跨性别群体开展艾滋病毒预防教育工作的一部分，选定的跨性别个体焦点小组评估了他们的艾滋病毒风险和预防需求。数据收集于以下四个领域：（1）艾滋病毒/艾滋病对跨性别者的影响；（2）风险因素；（3）所需信息和服务；（4）招募策略。研究结果表明，艾滋病毒/艾滋病加剧了与跨性别身份相关的污名化，干扰了跨性别者“出柜”过程中的性探索，并且可能干扰性别重置手术的获取。已确定的跨性别者特有的风险因素包括：性身份冲突、羞耻感和孤立感、隐秘性、寻求认可、强迫性行为、卖淫以及在注射激素时共用针头。社区参与、同伴教育以及对跨性别身份的认可被强调为成功干预的重要组成部分。迫切需要对卫生专业人员进行关于跨性别身份和性取向的教育，并为感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的跨性别者提供支持小组。
