Killeen C
Elderly Unit, Hope Hospital, Salford, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1998 Oct;28(4):762-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00703.x.
Loneliness is a little discussed concept in today's self-obsessed climate, where it is seen as a negative embarrassing condition. It is unique for every individual, and as such, it is difficult to define. There are other closely related concepts, for example, aloneness and solitude, that further complicate an already complex issue. Loneliness also has various causes and effects that can be one and the same, and so it can be confused with similar but different conditions, for example, depression and self-esteem. But, at the end of the day, if the word loneliness is mentioned in conversation, everybody will understand what it means to them, and how distressing an ordeal it can be. Everyone is lonely to some degree, no matter how much they pretend they are not: it is part of being human. Nursing literature looks at loneliness from a rather basic, superficial perspective, when discussing whether such a traumatic state of being can be solved, but this is not a solution as such. It is such an innate part of the human psyche, that it cannot be solved like a puzzle; it can only be alleviated and made less painful. This can only be achieved by increasing humankind's awareness of this distressing condition that everyone has to endure in some way, shape or form, some time during their lives, about which there is nothing to be embarrassed. If non-lonely individuals could spare a smile or a word for people who might be perceived as being lonely, even if in doing so they selfishly think 'there but for the grace of God go I', such a small gesture might just make their day a little less of an ordeal.
在当今这个痴迷自我的时代,孤独是一个很少被讨论的概念,在这个时代,孤独被视为一种负面且尴尬的状态。孤独对每个人来说都是独特的,因此很难定义。还有其他一些与之密切相关的概念,例如独处和独居,这使得一个本就复杂的问题更加复杂。孤独也有各种各样的成因和影响,这些成因和影响可能是相同的,所以它可能会与一些相似但不同的状况相混淆,比如抑郁和自尊。但是,说到底,如果在谈话中提到“孤独”这个词,每个人都明白它对自己意味着什么,以及它会是多么痛苦的一种折磨。每个人在某种程度上都是孤独的,无论他们多么假装自己不是:这是人类的一部分。护理文献在讨论这种创伤性的状态是否能够解决时,往往从一个相当基本、肤浅的角度看待孤独,但这并不是真正的解决办法。孤独是人类心理如此内在的一部分,以至于它不能像解谜题一样被解决;它只能得到缓解,减轻痛苦。这只能通过提高人类对这种痛苦状况的认识来实现,每个人在生命中的某个时候都必须以某种方式、形式或形态忍受这种状况,对此没有什么可尴尬的。如果不孤独的人能给那些可能被视为孤独的人一个微笑或一句话,哪怕他们这样做时自私地想“若非上帝保佑,我也会如此”,这样一个小小的举动可能会让他们的日子不那么难熬。