Poulos C X, Parker J L, Lê D A
Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Behav Neurosci. 1998 Oct;112(5):1247-57. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.112.5.1247.
A delay-of-reward paradigm was used to assess impulsivity in rats. Previous research with this paradigm has found that normally occurring impulsivity scores predict magnitude of voluntary alcohol intake. The authors' primary findings were (a) injected alcohol produced a dose-dependent increase in impulsivity, (b) varying the intervals between alcohol and testing yielded orderly effects, (c) there were extreme individual differences in impulsive reactivity to alcohol, (d) these individual differences did not reflect differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics, (e) subject selection procedures ensured that differences in impulsive reactivity to alcohol were independent of significant variations in baseline impulsivity scores, and (f) individual differences in impulsive reactivity to injected alcohol strongly predicted magnitude of voluntary alcohol intake. The findings are discussed in terms of evidence for a dysfunctional alcohol-induced positive feedback loop ("loss-of-control drinking"), alcohol disinhibition, and the relationship between impulse control and the regulation of alcohol consumption.
采用奖励延迟范式评估大鼠的冲动性。此前使用该范式的研究发现，正常情况下的冲动性得分可预测自愿酒精摄入量的大小。作者的主要发现如下：(a) 注射酒精会使冲动性呈剂量依赖性增加；(b) 改变酒精注射与测试之间的间隔会产生有序的效应；(c) 对酒精的冲动反应存在极端的个体差异；(d) 这些个体差异并不反映酒精药代动力学的差异；(e) 实验对象选择程序确保了对酒精的冲动反应差异独立于基线冲动性得分的显著变化；(f) 对注射酒精的冲动反应的个体差异强烈预测了自愿酒精摄入量的大小。本文根据酒精诱导的功能失调性正反馈回路（“失控饮酒”）、酒精去抑制作用的证据，以及冲动控制与酒精消费调节之间的关系对这些发现进行了讨论。
