Vengeliene Valentina, Foo Jerome Clifford, Kim Jinhyuk
Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Sep;177(17):3878-3897. doi: 10.1111/bph.15180. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
Multiple interindividual and intra-individual factors underlie variability in drinking motives, challenging clinical translatability of animal research and limiting treatment success of substance use-related problems. Intra-individual variability refers to time-dependent continuous and discrete changes within the individual and in substance use research is studied as momentary variation in the internal states (craving, stressed, anxious, impulsive and tired) and response to external triggers (stressors, drug-associated environmental cues and social encounters). These momentary stimuli have a direct impact on behavioural decisions and may be triggers and predictors of substance consumption. They also present potential targets for real-time behavioural and pharmacological interventions. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies demonstrating different momentary risk factors associated with increased probability of alcohol drinking in humans and changes in alcohol seeking and consumption in animals. The review also provides an overview of pharmacological interventions related to every individual risk factor.
多种个体间和个体内因素导致饮酒动机的变异性，这对动物研究的临床可转化性提出了挑战，并限制了物质使用相关问题的治疗成功率。个体内变异性是指个体内部随时间的连续和离散变化，在物质使用研究中，它被视为内部状态（渴望、压力、焦虑、冲动和疲劳）的瞬时变化以及对外部触发因素（压力源、与药物相关的环境线索和社交接触）的反应。这些瞬时刺激对行为决策有直接影响，可能是物质消费的触发因素和预测指标。它们也是实时行为和药物干预的潜在目标。在本综述中，我们概述了一些研究，这些研究表明了与人类饮酒概率增加以及动物觅酒和饮酒行为变化相关的不同瞬时风险因素。本综述还概述了与每个个体风险因素相关的药物干预措施。
