Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Kosno-Kruszewska E, Gwiazda E, Lechowicz W
Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warszawa.
Folia Neuropathol. 1998;36(3):152-60.
The aim of the study was to find out whether differences in morphology and time-sequence of microglia appearance in course of development of the phylogenetically different structures of the central nervous system (CNS) in normal human fetus do exist. An attempt was also made to evaluate quantitatively the development of microglial cells in comparison to astroglia, taking into account their role in the structural and immunological maturation of the CNS. The study was performed on CNS tissue of frontal lobes, mesencephalon and cerebellum from 72 fetuses between 8 and 22 week of gestation (GW). Histochemical and immunohistochemical reactions were used as basic study methods. A quantitative evaluation of developing microglia and astroglia in all investigated structures was performed by counting the mean number of cells per 1 mm2. Morphological and ultrastructural patterns of the three basic types of microglia; ameboid, ramified active and ramified resting, were characterized. It was indicated that they emerge at the same time in all structures under study, except the ameboid microglia arising earlier in the mesencephalon. A quantitative evaluation revealed that the number of ameboid microglial cells decreased slightly in an early stage of fetal development. The number of ramified microglial cells between 11 and 22 GW increased in all structures. The highest values of ramified microglia were found in mesencephalon, and the lowest in white matter of cerebellum. The number of astroglial cells exceeded the increase in ramified microglia by several times in all structures.
该研究的目的是确定在正常人类胎儿中枢神经系统（CNS）系统发生学上不同结构的发育过程中，小胶质细胞的形态和出现时间顺序是否存在差异。还尝试定量评估小胶质细胞与星形胶质细胞相比的发育情况，同时考虑它们在中枢神经系统结构和免疫成熟中的作用。该研究对72例妊娠8至22周（GW）胎儿的额叶、中脑和小脑的中枢神经系统组织进行。组织化学和免疫组织化学反应被用作基本研究方法。通过计算每1平方毫米的平均细胞数，对所有研究结构中发育中的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞进行定量评估。对三种基本类型的小胶质细胞；阿米巴样、分支活跃型和分支静止型的形态和超微结构模式进行了表征。结果表明，除中脑较早出现的阿米巴样小胶质细胞外，它们在所有研究结构中同时出现。定量评估显示，在胎儿发育早期，阿米巴样小胶质细胞的数量略有下降。在11至22GW之间，所有结构中分支状小胶质细胞的数量均增加。分支状小胶质细胞数量最高的是中脑，最低的是小脑白质。在所有结构中，星形胶质细胞的数量比分支状小胶质细胞的增加数高出数倍。
