Armstrong L E, Soto J A, Hacker F T, Casa D J, Kavouras S A, Maresh C M
Human Performance Laboratory and Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1998 Dec;8(4):345-55. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345.
This investigation evaluated the validity and sensitivity of urine color (Ucol), specific gravity (Usg), and osmolality (Uosm) as indices of hydration status, by comparing them to changes in body water. Nine highly trained males underwent a 42-hr protocol involving dehydration to 3.7% of body mass (Day 1, -2.64 kg), cycling to exhaustion (Day 2, -5.2% of body mass, -3.68 kg), and oral rehydration for 21 hr. The ranges of mean (across time) blood and urine values were Ucol, 1-7; Usg, 1.004-1.029; Uosm, 117-1,081 mOsm x kg-1; and plasma osmolality (Posm), 280-298 mOsm x kg-1. Urine color tracked changes in body water as effectively as (or better than) Uosm, Usg, urine volume, Posm, plasma sodium, and plasma total protein. We concluded that (a) Ucol, Uosm, and Usg are valid indices of hydration status, and (b) marked dehydration, exercise, and rehydration had little effect on the validity and sensitivity of these indices.
本研究通过将尿色（Ucol）、比重（Usg）和渗透压（Uosm）与身体水分变化进行比较，评估了它们作为水合状态指标的有效性和敏感性。九名训练有素的男性接受了一项为期42小时的实验方案，包括脱水至体重的3.7%（第1天，-2.64千克）、骑行至力竭（第2天，-体重的5.2%，-3.68千克）以及口服补液21小时。平均（跨时间）血液和尿液值的范围为：Ucol，1 - 7；Usg，1.004 - 1.029；Uosm，117 - 1,081 mOsm×kg⁻¹；以及血浆渗透压（Posm），280 - 298 mOsm×kg⁻¹。尿色追踪身体水分变化的效果与（或优于）Uosm、Usg、尿量、Posm、血浆钠和血浆总蛋白。我们得出结论：（a）Ucol、Uosm和Usg是有效的水合状态指标；（b）明显的脱水、运动和补液对这些指标的有效性和敏感性影响很小。
