Armstrong L E, Maresh C M, Castellani J W, Bergeron M F, Kenefick R W, LaGasse K E, Riebe D
University of Connecticut Human Performance Laboratory, Storrs 06269-1110.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1994 Sep;4(3):265-79. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.4.3.265.
Athletes and researchers could benefit from a simple and universally accepted technique to determine whether humans are well-hydrated, euhydrated, or hypohydrated. Two laboratory studies (A, B) and one field study (C) were conducted to determine if urine color (Ucol) indicates hydration status accurately and to clarify the interchangeability of Ucol, urine osmolality (Uosm), and urine specific gravity (Usg) in research. Ucol, Uosm, and Usg were not significantly correlated with plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, or hematocrit. This suggested that these hematologic measurements are not as sensitive to mild hypohydration (between days) as the selected urinary indices are. When the data from A, B, and C were combined, Ucol was strongly correlated with Usg and Uosm. It was concluded that (a) Ucol may be used in athletic/industrial settings or field studies, where close estimates of Usg or Uosm are acceptable, but should not be utilized in laboratories where greater precision and accuracy are required, and (b) Uosm and Usg may be used interchangeably to determine hydration status.
运动员和研究人员可能会受益于一种简单且被普遍接受的技术，以确定人体是水分充足、处于正常水合状态还是水分不足。进行了两项实验室研究（A、B）和一项现场研究（C），以确定尿色（Ucol）是否能准确指示水合状态，并阐明在研究中Ucol、尿渗透压（Uosm）和尿比重（Usg）的互换性。Ucol、Uosm和Usg与血浆渗透压、血浆钠或血细胞比容均无显著相关性。这表明，与所选的尿液指标相比，这些血液学测量对轻度缺水（日间）的敏感性较低。当将A、B和C的数据合并时，Ucol与Usg和Uosm密切相关。得出的结论是：（a）Ucol可用于体育/工业环境或现场研究，在这些情况下，对Usg或Uosm的近似估计是可以接受的，但在需要更高精度和准确性的实验室中不应使用；（b）Uosm和Usg可互换使用以确定水合状态。
