室内溜冰场二氧化氮浓度的影响因素。
Determinants of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in indoor ice skating rinks.
作者信息
Levy J I, Lee K, Yanagisawa Y, Hutchinson P, Spengler J D
机构信息
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. 02115, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1998 Dec;88(12):1781-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.12.1781.
OBJECTIVES
The combination of poor ventilation and fuel-powered ice resurfacers has resulted in elevated nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in many indoor ice skating rinks. This study examined the factors influencing concentrations and the effects of various engineering controls in ice rinks with different resurfacer fuels.
METHODS
Indoor NO2 concentrations were measured in 19 enclosed ice skating rinks over 3 winters by means of passive samplers, with 1-week average measurements during the first winter pilot study and single-day working-hour measurements in the final 2 winters. Personal exposures to drivers also were assessed during the last winter.
RESULTS
Rinks in which propane-fueled resurfacers were used had a daily mean indoor NO2 concentration of 206 ppb, compared with 132 ppb for gasoline-fueled and 37 ppb for electric-powered resurfacers. Engineering controls, such as increased ventilation and resurfacer tuning, reduced NO2 concentrations by 65% on average, but outcomes varied widely, and concentrations increased in subsequent months.
CONCLUSIONS
Electric ice resurfacers, increased ventilation, or emission control systems are recommended to protect the health of workers and patrons, with surveillance programs proposed to track implementation and maintain an observer effect.
目的
通风不良与以燃料驱动的冰面修整机相结合，导致许多室内溜冰场的二氧化氮（NO₂）浓度升高。本研究调查了影响浓度的因素以及不同冰面修整机燃料的溜冰场中各种工程控制措施的效果。
方法
在三个冬季期间，通过被动采样器对19个封闭溜冰场的室内NO₂浓度进行了测量，在第一个冬季试点研究中进行为期1周的平均测量，在最后两个冬季进行单日工作时间测量。在最后一个冬季还评估了冰面修整机驾驶员的个人暴露情况。
结果
使用丙烷驱动冰面修整机的溜冰场室内NO₂日均浓度为206 ppb，相比之下，使用汽油驱动冰面修整机的溜冰场为132 ppb，使用电动冰面修整机的溜冰场为37 ppb。增加通风和调整冰面修整机等工程控制措施平均使NO₂浓度降低了65%，但结果差异很大，且随后几个月浓度有所上升。
结论
建议使用电动冰面修整机、增加通风或采用排放控制系统来保护工作人员和顾客的健康，并提议实施监测计划以跟踪实施情况并保持观察效果。
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