Sutter V L, Finegold S M
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976 Oct;10(4):736-52. doi: 10.1128/AAC.10.4.736.
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 492 anaerobic bacteria, the majority of which were recent clinical isolates, was determined by the agar dilution technique. Penicillin G was active against most of the strains tested at 32 U or less/ml, but only 72% of Bacteroides fragilis strains were susceptible at this level and 9% required 256 U or more/ml. Ampicillin was effective against most of the strains except B. fragilis at 16 mug or less/ml. Amoxicillin was active against only 31% of B. fragilis, 76% of other Bacteroides species, and 67% of Fusobacterium species at 8 mug/ml. Two new penicillins, mezlocillin and azlocillin, were similar to ampicillin in their activity. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin inhibited all but a few strains at 128 mug or less/ml. BLP 1654 was somewhat more active than penicillin G against B. fragilis but had similar activity against other anaerobes. Cephalothin was inactive against B. fragilis, and only 65% of other Bacteroides species were inhibited by 32 mug or less/ml. It was effective against all other anaerobes at that level. Cefamandole showed somewhat greater activity than cephalothin against B. fragilis but generally less activity against gram-positive organisms. Cefazaflur (SKF 59962) was comparable to cephalothin against B. fragilis. Cefoxitin was distinctly more active than cephalothin against B. fragilis. These latter two agents were less active than cephalothin against the gram-positive anaerobes. Chloramphenicol remains active against anaerobic bacteria at 16 mug or less/ml, with rare exceptions. Thiamphenicol was similar to chloramphenicol in its activity. Clindamycin was very active against most of the anaerobes at 8 mug or less/ml. Erythromycin and josamycin were also tested, with josamycin showing greater activity against B. fragilis than either erythromycin or clindamycin. A new oligosaccharide, everninomicin B, was less active than clindamycin against B. fragilis but more active against clostridia and some of the other strains tested. Most of the groups of bacteria tested demonstrated a trend toward resistance to tetracycline. Doxycycline and minocycline were somewhat more active than was tetracycline. Metronidazole was active against the majority of the anaerobes tested; resistance ws demonstrated by some of the gram-positive cocci and gram-positive, non-sporeforming bacilli.
采用琼脂稀释法测定了492株厌氧菌的抗菌药敏性，其中大部分为近期临床分离株。青霉素G对大多数测试菌株在32U/ml及以下时具有活性，但脆弱拟杆菌菌株中只有72%在此水平敏感，9%需要256U/ml及以上。氨苄西林对大多数菌株有效，除脆弱拟杆菌外，在16μg/ml及以下时有效。阿莫西林在8μg/ml时，仅对31%的脆弱拟杆菌、76%的其他拟杆菌属和67%的梭杆菌属有活性。两种新型青霉素，美洛西林和阿洛西林，其活性与氨苄西林相似。羧苄西林和替卡西林在128μg/ml及以下时抑制了除少数菌株外的所有菌株。BLP 1654对脆弱拟杆菌的活性略高于青霉素G，但对其他厌氧菌的活性相似。头孢噻吩对脆弱拟杆菌无活性，在32μg/ml及以下时仅65%的其他拟杆菌属被抑制。在该水平下，它对所有其他厌氧菌均有效。头孢孟多对脆弱拟杆菌的活性略高于头孢噻吩，但对革兰氏阳性菌的活性一般较低。头孢唑氟（SKF 59962）对脆弱拟杆菌的活性与头孢噻吩相当。头孢西丁对脆弱拟杆菌的活性明显高于头孢噻吩。后两种药物对革兰氏阳性厌氧菌的活性低于头孢噻吩。氯霉素在16μg/ml及以下时对厌氧菌仍有活性，罕见例外。甲砜霉素的活性与氯霉素相似。克林霉素在8μg/ml及以下时对大多数厌氧菌非常有效。还测试了红霉素和交沙霉素，交沙霉素对脆弱拟杆菌的活性高于红霉素或克林霉素。一种新的寡糖，埃弗米星B，对脆弱拟杆菌的活性低于克林霉素，但对梭菌属和其他一些测试菌株的活性更高。大多数测试的细菌组显示出对四环素耐药的趋势。多西环素和米诺环素的活性略高于四环素。甲硝唑对大多数测试的厌氧菌有活性；一些革兰氏阳性球菌和革兰氏阳性、无芽孢杆菌表现出耐药性。
