Knight K, Hiller M L, Simpson D D, Broome K M
Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1998 Nov;24(4):647-60. doi: 10.3109/00952999809019614.
Recent studies comparing self-admitted cocaine use with hair and urine test results have raised concerns about underreporting due to variations across situations and settings. Because of the frequent need for self-report data in conducting treatment evaluations, more information is needed on factors that affect the credibility of this information. The present study examines records of cocaine use collected as part of an evaluation of prison-based treatment (N=396). Specifically, self-reported cocaine use from 6-month postrelease follow-up interviews, completed with treatment graduates and a comparison sample of parolees who were eligible but not sent to treatment, was examined in relation to urine and hair test results. Overall, cocaine use was underreported when compared to hair test results, but underreporting was lower for program graduates than for the untreated comparison group. Furthermore, program graduates originally admitted to prison on a drug-related arrest were the most likely to underreport cocaine use, seemingly due to a heightened concern about potential consequences, such as returning to prison on another drug-related charge. Given that the validity of self-report for high-risk individuals varies greatly and is difficult to predict across studies, future research with criminal justice samples should continue to assess the validity of these measures under specific research conditions and for diverse types of individuals.
近期将自我报告的可卡因使用情况与毛发和尿液检测结果进行比较的研究引发了人们对因不同情况和环境存在差异而导致报告不足的担忧。由于在进行治疗评估时经常需要自我报告数据，因此需要更多关于影响此类信息可信度因素的信息。本研究考察了作为监狱治疗评估一部分收集的可卡因使用记录（N = 396）。具体而言，对治疗毕业生以及符合条件但未被送去治疗的假释人员组成的对照样本在出狱后6个月随访访谈中自我报告的可卡因使用情况与尿液和毛发检测结果进行了对比。总体而言，与毛发检测结果相比，可卡因使用情况存在报告不足的情况，但项目毕业生的报告不足情况低于未接受治疗的对照组。此外，最初因与毒品相关的逮捕而入狱的项目毕业生最有可能少报可卡因使用情况，这似乎是因为他们对潜在后果（如因另一项与毒品相关的指控而重返监狱）的担忧加剧。鉴于高危个体自我报告的有效性在不同研究中差异很大且难以预测，未来针对刑事司法样本的研究应继续在特定研究条件下并针对不同类型的个体评估这些测量方法的有效性。
