Sjölander A, Cox J C, Barr I G
Immunology Department, CSL Limited, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
J Leukoc Biol. 1998 Dec;64(6):713-23. doi: 10.1002/jlb.64.6.713.
Aluminum salts are currently the only widely used adjuvant for human vaccines. Over the past 10-15 years, a large research effort has attempted to find novel adjuvants with ability to induce a broad range of immune responses, including cell-mediated immunity. The immunostimulating complex or ISCOM is one adjuvant with multiple adjuvant properties. ISCOMs are open cage-like complexes typically with a diameter of about 40 nm that are built up by cholesterol, lipid, immunogen, and saponins from the bark of the tree Quillaia saponaria Molina. ISCOMs have been demonstrated to promote antibody responses and induce T helper cell as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in a variety of experimental animal models, and have now progressed to phase I and II human trials. This review describes recent developments in the understanding of the structure, composition, and preparation of ISCOMs and will cover important aspects of the understanding of the adjuvant functions of ISCOMs and how they act on the immune system.
铝盐是目前人类疫苗中唯一广泛使用的佐剂。在过去10到15年里，大量研究致力于寻找能够诱导广泛免疫反应（包括细胞介导免疫）的新型佐剂。免疫刺激复合物（ISCOM）就是一种具有多种佐剂特性的佐剂。ISCOM是一种开放的笼状复合物，直径通常约为40纳米，由胆固醇、脂质、免疫原以及来自皂树（Quillaia saponaria Molina）树皮的皂苷组成。在多种实验动物模型中，ISCOM已被证明能促进抗体反应，诱导辅助性T细胞以及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞反应，目前已进入I期和II期人体试验。本综述描述了对ISCOM结构、组成和制备的理解方面的最新进展，并将涵盖对ISCOM佐剂功能及其作用于免疫系统方式的理解的重要方面。
