Woldemichael T, Fontanet A L, Sahlu T, Gilis H, Messele T, Rinke de Wit T F, Yeneneh H, Coutinho R A, Van Gool T
Department of Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 Jul-Aug;92(4):401-3. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91065-3.
Sera from 170 factory workers aged 18-45 years enrolled in a pilot study of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were screened for anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G antibodies by the Sabin-Feldman test (reference standard) and the Eiken latex agglutination test (under evaluation for use in developing countries). Based on the Sabin-Feldman test, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was 80.0% (95% confidence interval 73.9-86.1%). The sensitivity and specificity of the Eiken latex agglutination test were 96.3% and 97.1%, respectively, showing its validity for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. The prevalence of antibodies did not differ between individuals infected and uninfected with HIV-1 (74.2% versus 83.3%, P > 0.05). However, antibody titres were higher in HIV-infected persons than in those who were uninfected (P < 0.001). Based on these findings, we expect that toxoplasmic encephalitis will be a common opportunistic infection among HIV-infected Ethiopians, and chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole may be beneficial to those with low CD4+ T cell counts. The prognostic significance of high titres of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies remains to be established among Ethiopian HIV-infected individuals.
在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴开展的一项关于人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染的试点研究中，对170名年龄在18至45岁的工厂工人的血清进行了检测，通过Sabin-Feldman试验（参考标准）和Eiken乳胶凝集试验（正在评估其在发展中国家的使用情况）筛查抗弓形虫免疫球蛋白G抗体。根据Sabin-Feldman试验，抗弓形虫抗体的患病率为80.0%（95%置信区间73.9 - 86.1%）。Eiken乳胶凝集试验的敏感性和特异性分别为96.3%和97.1%，表明其在检测抗弓形虫抗体方面具有有效性。HIV-1感染者和未感染者之间的抗体患病率没有差异（74.2%对83.3%，P>0.05）。然而，HIV感染者的抗体滴度高于未感染者（P<0.001）。基于这些发现，我们预计弓形虫性脑炎将成为埃塞俄比亚HIV感染者中常见的机会性感染，对CD4+T细胞计数低的患者进行复方新诺明化学预防可能有益。在埃塞俄比亚HIV感染者中，高滴度抗弓形虫抗体的预后意义仍有待确定。
