Gebremedhin Endrias Zewdu, Tadesse Getachew
Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
Parasit Vectors. 2015 May 28;8:291. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0901-7.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and assess the potential risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infections in animals and humans in Ethiopia by using meta-analytical methods.
Published studies on T. gondii in animals and humans in Ethiopia were searched in Medline, Google Scholar and the lists of references of articles. Eligible studies were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risks of within and across study biases, and the variations in prevalence estimates attributable to heterogeneities were assessed. Pooled prevalence was estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model.
Thirty two studies were eligible and data from 5689 animals and 5718 humans were used for quantitative syntheses. The pooled IgG seroprevalence in cats, small ruminants and humans were estimated at 87.72% (95% CI = 78.63, 93.28), 34.59% (95% CI = 21.08, 51.12) and 74.73% (95% CI = 61.85, 84.36), respectively. The odds of infections were higher in pregnant than in non pregnant women (OR = 3.96), in individuals that had contact with cats than those with no contact (OR = 2.53), and in urban than in rural inhabitants (OR = 2.06).
Toxoplasmosis is highly prevalent and could be a cause of considerable reproductive wastage in small ruminants and multiple diseases in humans in Ethiopia. Public education on preventive measures could help reduce the transmission of the parasite to humans.
弓形虫病是一种全球性人畜共患病。本研究的目的是通过荟萃分析方法估计埃塞俄比亚动物和人类中弓形虫感染的患病率，并评估其潜在风险因素。
在Medline、谷歌学术以及文章参考文献列表中搜索埃塞俄比亚关于动物和人类弓形虫的已发表研究。通过纳入和排除标准选择符合条件的研究。评估研究内和研究间偏差的风险，以及异质性导致的患病率估计值的变化。采用DerSimonian和Laird随机效应模型估计合并患病率。
32项研究符合条件，来自5689只动物和5718人的数据用于定量综合分析。猫、小型反刍动物和人类的IgG合并血清阳性率估计分别为87.72%（95%置信区间=78.63, 93.28）、34.59%（95%置信区间=21.08, 51.12）和74.73%（95%置信区间=61.85, 84.36）。孕妇感染的几率高于非孕妇（比值比=3.96），接触猫的个体高于未接触猫的个体（比值比=2.53），城市居民高于农村居民（比值比=2.06）。
弓形虫病在埃塞俄比亚高度流行，可能是小型反刍动物大量繁殖损耗以及人类多种疾病的病因。开展关于预防措施的公众教育有助于减少寄生虫向人类的传播。
